Table 2.

Barriers to Linkage and Retention to HIV, HTN and TB care

	Linkage			Retention
	HIV	HTN	TB	HIV	HTN	TB
Predisposing Characteristics
Lack of acceptance of status	X		X
Forgetfulness	X	X		X	X
Poor motivation	X	X	X	X	X	X
Lack of knowledge	X	X	X	X	X	X
Fear of taking drugs/expectations of treatment	X	X	X	X		X
Preference in alternative medicine	X		X	X	X	X
Older age/male gender	X			X
Alcohol use/drug use	X			X	X	X
Patient attitudes to care/expectations of AMPATH				X
Couple/family conflicts	X			X
Promiscuity	X		X
Cultural beliefs (e.g., association with witchcraft)		X		X		X
Disclosure				X
Enabling Resources
Perceived stigma	X	X	X	X		X
Relocation	X			X		X
Lack of finances/transport/food	X	X	X	X		X
Busy schedule/domestic chores	X			X		X
Ending support-food/lack of food support	X			X
Distance/access to preferred health facility	X	X	X	X	X	X
Slow service/long queues	X	X	X	X	X
Limited counselling	X					X
Patient-provider relationships	X		X	X		X
Poor information by providers				X	X
Lack of case manager/availability of health providers	X				X	X
Stigma associated with health facility	X	X		X
Cost of treatment	X	X			X
Lack of specialized treatment		X
Lack of medication/availability of over-the-counter medication		X			X
Separate appointments for mother/child				X
Drug packaging				X
Competing interests from other NGOs				X
Lack of partner support/discordance		X		X	X	X
Inadequate social support	X	X	X	X	X	X
Change in social status				X
Media/peer influences				X	X
Lack of care in institutions				X
Need Factors
Perceived health status	X	X		X	X	X
Worsening health status/severity of illness	X	X	X	X		X
Drug side effects	X			X	X	X
Long period of treatment/frequency of appointments/need for adherence			X	X
Treatment regimens						X