Table 2.
Outcome of 63 patients with BSIs due to Candida parapsilosis complex considered in this study
| Characteristics | 30-day outcome | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Survival (n = 46) | Death (n = 17) | P valuea | |
| Age (years), median (IQR)b | 62 (31–75) | 76 (63–78) | 0.046 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 24 (52) | 11 (65) | 0.374 |
| Ward | |||
| Internal Medicine, n (%) | 21 (46) | 4 (24) | 0.033 |
| Surgery, n (%) | 14 (30) | 3 (18) | |
| Intensive Care Unit, n (%) | 11 (24) | 10 (59) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | 40(87) | 17(100) | 0.117 |
| Chronic pulmonary diseases, n (%) c | 5(11) | 4 (24) | 0.235 |
| Haematological malignancy, n (%) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0.540 |
| Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) d | 15 (33) | 12(71) | 0.006 |
| Neurological diseases, n (%) e | 9 (20) | 1(6) | 0.263 |
| Gastrointestinal diseases, n (%) f | 16 (35) | 5 (29) | 0.688 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4 (9) | 4 (24) | 0.195 |
| Solid tumors, n (%) | 9 (20) | 6 (35) | 0.193 |
| Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 5 (11) | 2 (12) | 1.000 |
| Previous surgery (<30 days), n (%) | 23(50) | 9(53) | 0.835 |
| Gastrointestinal surgery, n (%) | 5(11) | 3(18) | 0.671 |
| Cardiovascular surgery, n (%) | 7(15) | 6(35) | 0.080 |
| Other surgery, n (%) g | 11(24) | 1 (6) | 0.154 |
| Central venous catheter, n (%) | 41(89) | 15 (88) | 0.920 |
| BSI CVC-related, n (%) | 25 (61) | 11 (73) | 0.460 |
| Early central venous catheter removal, n (%) h | 41 (100) | 11 (73) | <0.0001 |
| Other devices, n (%) i | 40 (87) | 17(100) | 0.178 |
| Previous invasive procedures (<72 h), n (%) j | 9 (20) | 7 (41) | 0.080 |
| Parenteral nutrition, n (%) | 29 (63) | 14 (82) | 0.143 |
| Immunosuppressive therapy, n (%) k | 13(28) | 5(29) | 0.920 |
| Neutropenia, n (%) | 3 (7) | 1 (6) | 1.000 |
| Septic shock, n (%) | 1(2) | 1(6) | 0.470 |
| Prior antibiotic therapy, n (%) | 42 (91) | 16 (94) | 0.713 |
| Previous antifungal therapy, n (%) | 4 (9) | 1 (6) | 0.713 |
| Concomitant bacteriemia, n (%) | 12(26) | 3(18) | 0.487 |
| Other coinfections, n (%) l | 28 (61) | 11(65) | 0.780 |
| Appropriate antifungal therapym | 30 (65) | 8 (47) | 0.190 |
| Primary azole therapy | 32 (70) | 9 (53) | 0.219 |
| Primary echinocandin therapy | 5 (11) | 2 (12) | 1.000 |
| Primary polyene therapy | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| None | 8 (17) | 6 (35) | 0.129 |
aComparisons between groups were performed using Wilcoxon rank sum test for quantitative variables and Chi-Square test (or Fisher Exact Test when expected frequencies were less than five) for qualitative variables
b IQR, Interquartile range
cChronic pulmonary diseases include asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and lung fibrosis
dCardiovascular diseases include heart failure, ischemic heart disease, endocarditis and arrhythmia
eNeurological diseases include Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and paralysis
fGastrointestinal diseases include Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic pancreatitis and gallbladder stones
gOther surgery includes plastic surgery, thoracic surgery, orthopaedic surgery, urological surgery and neurosurgery
h Early CVC removal was considered occurring within 48 h from blood cultures drawing
i Other devices include urinary catheter, surgical drainage, cutaneous gastrostomy and tracheostomy tube
j Previous invasive procedures include endoscopy and positioning of any device
kImmunosuppressive therapy include corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies
l Other coinfections include bacterial and/or fungal infections in sites other than blood
mAppropriate antifungal therapy was considered when the appropriate drug with adequate dosage was started within 72 h the first blood culture performed