Table 2.
Procedural steps correctly performed in pre-test and post-test observation
| Procedural stepsa | Pre-test | Post-test |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Consent obtained | 37.5 % | 68.8 % |
| 2. Washed hands | 87.5 % | 87.5 % |
| 3. Calls “time out” | 0 % | 31.3 % |
| 4. Positions patient | 81.3 % | 100 % |
| 5. Anatomical location | 81.3 % | 87.5 % |
| 6. Sterile gloves on | 93.8 % | 93.8 % |
| 7. Equipment set up | 37.5 % | 75 % |
| 8. Clean skin | 93.8 % | 93.8 % |
| 9. Drape patient | 75 % | 93.8 % |
| 10. Lidocaine drawn up | 6.3 % | 87.5 % |
| 11. Lidocaine injected | 6.3 % | 87.5 % |
| 12. Needle orientation | 75 % | 87.5 % |
| 13. Needle bevel correct | 18.8 % | 75 % |
| 14. Needle slowly advanced | 68.8 % | 87.5 % |
| 15. Opening pressure | 37.5 % | 62.5 % |
| 16. Obtains and collects fluid | 68.8 % | 75 % |
| 17. Re-inserts stylet at end | 62.5 % | 75 % |
| 18. Dressing applied | 86.7 % | 100 % |
| 19. Post-op orders written | 18.8 % | 31.3 % |
| 20. Correct labs ordered | 75 % | 81.3 % |
| 21. Sterile technique maintained | 87.5 % | 68.8 % |
| Overall average: | 58 % | 80 % |
Procedural steps taken (i.e. % of Pediatric Residents (N = 16) correctly performing maneuver) on 21-item score on pre-test and post-test observation. aThis checklist of procedural steps has been previously by Barsuk et al. [6]