Table 1.
Summary of adult and pediatric brainstem gliomas.
| Pediatric DIPG | Adult brainstem glioma | Adult supratentorial GBM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence | 20% of pediatric brain tumors | 2% of adult glioma | 80% of primary malignant brain tumors |
| Median age of onset | 5–9 | mid-30s | 64 |
| MRI contrast enhancement | Usually nonenhancing | Variable enhancement | Strong enhancement |
| Significant gene alterations | HIST1H3B | IDH1 | MGMT promoter methylation |
| H3F3A (K27M) | H3F3A (K27M) | EGFR amplification | |
| TP53 | IDH1 and IDH2 | ||
| AVCR1 | TERT promoter | ||
| PPM1D | |||
| MYC | |||
| NTRK fusions | |||
| Standard initial treatment | RT | RT | RT and temozolomide |
| Median overall survival | 10 months | 30–40 months (varies by grade) | 12–18 months |