Table 1.
First, second, third trimesters pcse and other significant predictors of behavior problems: adjusted analyses.
| ASR scale | First trimester PCSE (β=beta values, t=t-tests) | Other significant covariates* (β=beta values, t=t-tests) | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Externalizing | 1st trimester b | Sex (Male) (β=1.46, t=1.80) | 0.04 |
| Average cigarettes/day (β=0.07, t=2.05) | Maternal education (β=−0.67, t=−2.20) | ||
| ≥10 cigarettes/day (β=1.92, t=2.20) | Maternal hostility (β=0.20, t=2.93) | ||
| Internalizing | 1st trimester | Age (β=−1.57, t=−2.43) | 0.05 |
| ≥10 cigarettes/day (β=1.96, t=1.89) | Race (Caucasian) (β=2.10, t=2.16) | ||
| Maternal education (β=−0.58, t=−1.72) | |||
| Maternal depression (β=0.15, t=2.92) | |||
| Aggression problems | 1st trimester | Maternal education (β=−0.36, t=−2.41) | 0.05 |
| Average cigarettes/day (β=0.05, t=2.58) | Maternal hostility (β=0.12, t=3.49) | ||
| ≥10 cigarettes/day (β=1.20, t=2.81) | |||
| Somatic problems | 1st trimester b | Age (β=−0.45, t=−2.43) | 0.10 |
| Average cigarettes/day (β=0.02, t=1.72) | Race (Caucasian) (β=0.79, t=2.87) | ||
| ≥10 cigarettes/day (β=0.70, t=2.33) | Sex (female) (β=−1.07, t=−4.10) | ||
| Maternal education (β= −.0.22, t=−2.23) | |||
| Prenatal alcohol exposure (β=0.57, t=1.95) | |||
| ASR scale | Second trimester PCSE (β=beta values, t=t-tests) | Other significant covariates* (β=beta values, t=t-tests) | R2 |
|
| |||
| Internalizing | 2nd trimester | 0.07 | |
| Average cigarettes/day (β=0.08, t=1.87 | Race (Caucasian) (β=3.03, t=2.86) | ||
| ≥10 cigarettes/day (β=2.08, t=1.87) | Prenatal alcohol exposure (β=5.36, t=2.05) | ||
| Prenatal marijuana exp. (β=3.90, t=2.02) | |||
| Maternal depression (β=0.14, t=2.50) | |||
| Withdrawn | 2nd trimester | Race (β=−0.65, t=−2.55) | |
| Average cigarettes/day (β=0.02, t=1.83) | Prenatal marijuana exp. (β=0.94, t=2.03) | ||
| ≥10 cigarettes/day (β=0.56, t=2.08) | Maternal depression (β=0.03, t=1.88) | ||
| Aggression problems | 2nd trimester | Age (β= −.053, t=−1.72) | 0.03 |
| Average cigarettes/day (β=0.05, t=2.59) | Maternal education (β=−0.36, t=2.36) | ||
| ≥10 cigarettes/day (β=1.14, t=2.50) | Maternal hostility (β=0.11, t=2.91) | ||
| Somatic problems | 2nd trimester b | Age (β=−0.53, t=−2.73) | 0.05 |
| Average cigarettes/day (β=0.04, t=3.50) | Race (Caucasian) (β=0.94, t=3.18) | ||
| ≥10 cigarettes/day (β=0.97, t=3.12) | Sex (female) (β=−1.06, t=−3.94) | ||
| Prenatal alcohol exposure (β=2.51, t=3.70) | |||
| ASR scale | Third trimester PCSE (β=Beta values, t=t-tests) | Other significant covariates (β=beta values, t=t-tests) | R2 |
|
| |||
| Aggression | 3rd trimester | Maternal education (β= −.0.29, t=−1.99) | 0.05 |
| Average cigarettes/day (β=0.03, t=1.94) | Prenatal alcohol exposure (β=1.89, t=2.01) | ||
| ≥10 cigarettes/day (β=1.00, t=2.43) | Maternal hostility (β=0.13, t=3.82) | ||
*
Significant covariates are reported with the identified PCSE exposure variables.