Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 3.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2016 Aug 3;91(3):602–614. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.07.003

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Effects of GABA and glycine antagonism in preBötC on rhythmogenesis. (A–C) In anesthetized wild type mice. A, Representative VT and ∫GGEMG (top; scale bar, 2 min) and expanded (bottom; scale bar, 2 s) traces show the effects of bilateral preBötC B+S injection on ∫GGEMG and VT. B, f, TI, TE, Normalized (norm) ∫GGEMG, VT, measured in control (vagus intact) (Ctrl), and after administration of B+S (B+S) (*, P<0.05; n=5). C, Left: Lung inflation induced apnea in control (top) but was suppressed by B+S (bottom). Dotted line represents CPAP (8 cm H2O). Scale bar, 5 s. Right: TE-INF and the SBHIR measured in control (vagus intact) (Ctrl) and after B+S injection (B+S) (*, P<0.05; n=5). D, Enhanced excitatory effects on burst timing elicited by bilateral preBötC photostimulation in Dbx1-ChR2 mice after block of fast synaptic inhibition. D1: Ectopic inspiratory burst elicited by bilateral preBötC SPP in Dbx1-ChR2 mice during midexpiration after B+S injection. Scale bar, 2 s. D2: Bilateral preBötC LPP in Dbx1-ChR2 mice in B+S shows enhanced excitatory effect on f. Scale bar, 2 s. D3: Bilateral preBötC LPP in Dbx1-ChR2 mice after block of inhibition (B+S) produced a greater increase in f (*, P<0.05; n=5). E, Phase response curves show bilateral preBötC SPP in Dbx1-ChR2 mice during mid or late expiration after block of inhibition produced a stronger phase-resetting (pink). *, ** comparisons versus control phase shift, P<0.05; +, comparisons of the phase shift before and after B+S injection, P<0.05. Error bars represent mean±SD.