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Effects of Gfh factors on hairpin-dependent pausing by Dra RNAP. Analysis of hisP pausing was performed at 30 °C in the absence or presence of Gfh factors (5 μM) with 10 mM Mg2+ (Upper) or 10 mM Mn2+ (Lower). The paused transcripts are indicated with arrowheads. The pause t1/2 times are shown below the gels.
