Table 1.
Unconditional Pearson correlations between key variables and standardized achievement test scores
| Variable | Language | Mathematics | Average language and mathematics |
| Student-level variables | |||
| Mindset | 0.333 | 0.292 | 0.343 |
| Family income | 0.226 | 0.301 | 0.289 |
| Natural log of family income | 0.249 | 0.331 | 0.319 |
| Mother years of education | 0.275 | 0.338 | 0.336 |
| Father years of education | 0.269 | 0.326 | 0.326 |
| School-level variables | |||
| Average mindset in school | 0.427 | 0.513 | 0.516 |
| Poverty index | −0.412 | −0.520 | −0.512 |
| SES quintile | 0.402 | 0.508 | 0.500 |
| School mathematics 2010 | 0.486 | 0.625 | 0.610 |
| School language 2010 | 0.525 | 0.528 | 0.578 |
All values reported are significant (P < 0.001). Details about each variable are in SI Materials and Methods. SES, socioeconomic status.