Fig. 6.

Simplified schematic models of MEcPP mode(s) of action in potentiating the GSR. Schematic models of the MEcPP-mediated cellular responses before (Upper) and after (Lower) stress. Possible MEcPP signaling routes are depicted, including stress-mediated alteration in MEcPP levels functioning as a rheostat for the release of Ca²⁺ for the activation of CAMTA3; MEcPP-mediated alteration of chromatin architecture enabling the accessibility of RSRE for transcriptional regulators; MEcPP potentially functioning as an allosteric modulator of CAMTA3 or its potential coinducer; or a yet unknown transcriptional activator (factor X) binding to and activating RSRE, ultimately triggering the GSR.