Table 3.
Small-Vessel Microvascular Variables in Patients With Dengue, With or Without Plasma Leakage (Primary End-Point Definition)
| Characteristic by Day of Illnessa | No Leakage |
Plasma Leakage |
OR (95% CI)b | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, No.; Measurements, No. | Median (IQR) | Participants, No.; Measurements, No. | Median (IQR) | |||
| TVD, mm/mm3 | ||||||
| Overall | 33; 78 | 14.5 (13.3–5.3) | 37; 91 | 13.3 (11.8–15.0) | 0.82 (.68–.98) | .03 |
| Day 1–3 | 9; 11 | 14.7 (13.3–16.2) | 10; 15 | 13.4 (11.6–14.7) | 0.74 (.51–1.07) | .11 |
| Day 4–6 | 24; 35 | 14.7 (13.5–15.4) | 27; 39 | 13.1 (11.6–14.9) | 0.84 (.65–1.10) | .21 |
| Day 7–13 | 25; 32 | 14.4 (13.4–15.2) | 27; 37 | 13.6 (12.2,-5.1) | 0.85 (.67–1.08) | .19 |
| Day >13 | 9; 9 | 17.2 (15.7–17.5) | 13; 13 | 14.9 (14.2–15.8) | 0.46 (.18–1.19) | .11 |
| PPV, % | ||||||
| Overall | 33; 78 | 90.6 (85.8–94.0) | 37; 91 | 88.1 (81.6–92.2) | 0.94 (.89–.98) | .01 |
| Day 1–3 | 9; 11 | 94.3 (92.0–95.3) | 10; 15 | 90.9 (86.7–94.0) | 0.93 (.77–1.13) | .49 |
| Day 4–6 | 24; 35 | 90.8 (88.3–93.5) | 27; 39 | 87.4 (81.6–91.7) | 0.89 (.81–.98) | .02 |
| Day 7–13 | 25; 32 | 88.8 (84.5–92.9) | 27; 37 | 88.1 (80.2–90.5) | 0.96 (.91–1.02) | .16 |
| Day >13 | 9; 9 | 97.1 (95.7–97.3) | 13; 13 | 96.0 (95.3–98.1) | 1.53 (.90–2.62) | .12 |
| MFI | ||||||
| Overall | 33; 78 | 2.4 (2.1–2.7) | 37; 90 | 2.1 (1.9–2.4) | 0.75 (.61–.92) | .007 |
| Day 1–3 | 9; 11 | 2.8 (2.7–2.9) | 9; 14 | 2.3 (2.0–2.8) | 0.24 (.05–1.25) | .09 |
| Day 4–6 | 24; 35 | 2.5 (2.1–2.6) | 27; 39 | 2.0 (1.8–2.5) | 0.72 (.51–1.02) | .06 |
| Day 7–13 | 25; 32 | 2.2 (2.0–2.5) | 27; 37 | 2.1 (1.9–2.3) | 0.81 (.58–1.11) | .19 |
| Day >13 | 9; 9 | 2.9 (2.8–3.0) | 13; 13 | 2.8 (2.7–2.8) | 0.12 (.01–1.33) | .08 |
| HI | ||||||
| Overall | 33; 69 | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) | 37; 81 | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 1.33 (1.07–1.66) | .01 |
| Day 1–3 | 8; 10 | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) | 9; 14 | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 2.02 (.95–4.31) | .07 |
| Day 4–6 | 22; 31 | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 27; 35 | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | 1.02 (.74–1.39) | .91 |
| Day 7–13 | 21; 28 | 0.2 (0.1–0.2) | 25; 32 | 0.3 (0.1–0.4) | 1.39 (.97–1.99) | .07 |
| Day >13 | 7; 7 | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | 10; 10 | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | 0.18 (.0–11.65) | .42 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HI, heterogeneity index; IQR, interquartile range; MFI, mean flow index; OR, odds ratio; PPV, proportion of perfused vessels; TVD, total vessel density.
a For each variable, “Overall” corresponds to the overall comparison, which included all values except for those on day of illness >14, adjusted for age, sex, hospitalization, and day of illness. Other rows correspond to comparisons for each day-of-illness category, which included all values obtained during that period. All comparisons were based on generalized estimating equations with independence covariance structure to take into account multiple measurements per patient.
b The ORs represent the predicted change in the odds of plasma leakage corresponding to an increase of 1 mm/mm3 in TVD, 1% in PPV, 0.25 unit in MFI (or by 1 unit in the total flow MFI from all 4 quadrants), and 0.1 unit in HI.