Table 1. Functional Connectivity Metrics.

Name	Abbreviation	Equation	Characteristic	Ref	Result
coherence	COH	${\text{Coh}}_{m,n}=\left|{\langle \frac{s_{m,n}\left(t\right)}{\sqrt{s_{m,m}\left(t\right)·s_{n,n}\left(t\right)}}\rangle }_t\right|$	Normalization of the cross-spectrum by the two auto-spectra	[54]	(r = 0.674, n = 2145, p < .0001)
phase locking value	PLV	${\text{PLV}}_{mn}=\left|{\langle {\text{e}}^{i·\left({\phi }_m\left(t\right)-{\phi }_n\left(t\right)\right)}\rangle }_t\right|$	Relative stability of the relative phase between two signals and thereby avoiding amplitude as a confounding factor	[76]	(r = 0.678, n = 2145, p < .0001)
imaginary part of the coherency	ICOH	${\text{Icoh}}_{m,n}=\left|\Im \left({\langle \frac{s_{m,n}\left(t\right)}{\sqrt{s_{m,m}\left(t\right)·s_{n,n}\left(t\right)}}\rangle }_t\right)\right|$	Discarding the real part of the cross-spectrum, in which zero-phase lag volume conduction artifacts are exclusively represented	[77]	(r = 0.103, n = 2145, p = .37)
phase lag index	PLI	${\text{PLI}}_{m,n}=\left|{\langle \text{sgn}\left(\Im \left(s_{m,n}\left(t\right)\right)\right)\rangle }_t\right|$	Completely robust to volume conduction but without incorporation of the amplitude of the signal	[43]	(r = 0.138, n = 2145, p < .05)
weighted phase lag index	WPLI	${\text{wPLI}}_{m,n}=\frac{\left|{\langle \Im \left(s_{m,n}\left(t\right)\right)\rangle }_t\right|}{{\langle \left|\Im \left(s_{m,n}\left(t\right)\right)\right|\rangle }_t}=\frac{\left|{\langle \left|\Im \left(s_{m,n}\left(t\right)\right)\right|·\text{sgn}\left(\Im \left(s_{m,n}\left(t\right)\right)\right)\rangle }_t\right|}{{\langle \left|\Im \left(s_{m,n}\left(t\right)\right)\right|\rangle }_t}$	Similar to PLI, but more robust to noise in case of weak synchronization	[52]	(r = 0.170, n = 2145, p < .0001)
lagged phase coherence	LPC	${\text{LPC}}_{m,n}=\frac{\Im \left(s_{m,n}\left(t\right)\right)}{\sqrt{1-\Re {\left(s_{m,m}\left(t\right)\right)}^2}}$	Zero-lag contribution partialled out by a quotient of residual variances conditional on the real and imaginary part or on the real part only; preserves parts of the real valued coherency which incorporate a phase lag	[78]	(r = 0.179, n = 2145, p < .0001)

ℜ and ℑ denote the real and imaginary part of the complex number.