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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 9.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2014 May 11;20(6):664–669. doi: 10.1038/nm.3549

Figure 1.

Figure 1

PDX prevents lipid-induced insulin resistance. (a) Pre-clamp glycemia (left) and clamp glucose excursion (right), (b) glucose infusion rate (GIR) (left) and mean GIR for the final 60 min of clamp (right), (c) peripheral insulin action expressed as fold increase in Rd during the clamp (left) and hepatic insulin action expressed as percent suppression of hepatic glucose production (HGP; right) in saline-vehicle, lipid-vehicle and lipid-PDX treated mice (d) Immunoblots for pAkt ser473, total Akt and iNOS in gastrocnemius muscle of clamped saline-vehicle, lipid-vehicle and lipid-PDX treated mice. (e) Immunoblots for pAkt ser473, total Akt, iNOS, pJNK Thr183/Tyr185, and total JNK in liver of clamped saline-vehicle, lipid-vehicle and lipid-PDX treated mice. Quantification of densitometry analyses are shown to the right of the representative gels. Dotted lines indicate that lanes were run on the same gel but were noncontiguous. (f) Chemokines and cytokines in plasma from clamped saline-vehicle, lipid-vehicle and lipid-PDX treated mice. Data are mean ± s.e.m, and are representative of 6 mice per group. AU, arbitrary units. ND, not detected, * P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 calculated using analysis of variance.