Table 1.
Summary of carotenogenic genes and molecular markers in bread wheat.
| Enzyme | Gene | GenBank No. | Chromosomal location (IWGSC) | Marker | Allele | Fragment size (bp) | YPC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phytoene synthase 1 | PSY1 | EF600063 | 7AL, 7BL,7DL | YP7A | PSY-A1a/PSY-A1c | 194 | High |
| PSY-A1b | 213 | Low | |||||
| YP7B-1 | PSY-B1a | 151 | Medium | ||||
| PSY-B1b | 156 | Low | |||||
| YP7B-2 | PSY-B1c | 428 | High | ||||
| YP7B-3 | PSY-B1d | 884 | – | ||||
| Phytoene desaturase | PDS | FJ517553 | 4AS, 4BL, 4DL | YP4B-1 | TaPDS-B1b | 562 | High |
| YP4B-2 | TaPDS-B1a | 382 | Low | ||||
| ζ-Carotene desaturase | ZDS | HQ703016 | 2AS, 2BS, 2DS | YP2A-1 | TaZDS-A1a | 183 | Low |
| TaZDS-A1b | 179 | High | |||||
| YP2D-1 | TaZDS-D1a | No | High | ||||
| TaZDS-D1b | 981 | Low | |||||
| Lycopene ε-cyclase | LCYE | EU649785 | 3AL, 3B, 3DL | e-LCY3A-3 | e-LCY3Aa | 537 | – |
| e-LCY3Ab | 309 & 230 | ||||||
| YP3B-1 | TaLCYE-B1a | 635 | – | ||||
| TaLCYE-B1b | No | ||||||
| Lycopene β-cyclase | LCYB | FJ814767 | 6AS, 6DS | ||||
| Carotenoid β-ring hydroxylase | CHYB1 | JX171673 | 2AL, 2BL, 2DL | ||||
| CHYB2 | JX171670 | 6AL, 6BL, 6DL | |||||
| Carotenoid ε-ring hydroxylase | CHYE | AK334877 | 1AL, 1BL, 1DL | ||||
IWGSC, International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium; YPC, yellow pigment content; – Unknown.