Table 2.
Lifestyle habits, exercise exposure, and dietary preferences
| Total | Men | Women | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participation in endurance sports, years | 21.3 ± 132.9 | 22.4 ± 13.3 | 19.2 ± 121.6 | 0.003 |
| Participation in high school sport | 441/591 (74.6) | 306/391 (78.3) | 135/200 (67.5) | 0.004 |
| Participation in college sport | 282/591 (47.7) | 204/391 (52.2) | 78/200 (39.0) | 0.002 |
| Current primary sport | ||||
| Cycling | 246/591 (41.6) | 201/391 (51.4) | 45/200 (22.5) | <0.001 |
| Running | 147/591 (24.9) | 76/391 (19.4) | 71/200 (35.5) | <0.001 |
| Swimming | 72/591 (12.2) | 33/391 (8.4) | 39/200 (19.5) | <0.001 |
| Triathlon | 54/591 (9.1) | 33/391 (8.4) | 21/200 (10.5) | 0.411 |
| Rowing | 56/591 (9.5) | 38/391 (9.7) | 18/200 (9) | 0.778 |
| Othera | 11/591 (1.9) | 7/391 (1.8) | 4/200 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| Current total training, h/week | 10.3 ± 5.5 | 10.1 ± 4.5 | 10.6 ± 7.1 | 0.298 |
| Weekly training breakdown, avg. h/week | ||||
| Primary sport | 6.5 ± 4.4 | 6.8 ± 4.0 | 6.1 ± 5.3 | 0.111 |
| Alternative endurance activity | 1.9 ± 2.6 | 1.6 ± 2.1 | 2.6 ± 3.4 | <0.001 |
| Strength training | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 0.6 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | 0.027 |
| Othera | 0.5 ± 1.3 | 0.4 ± 1.1 | 0.7 ± 1.6 | 0.029 |
| Tobacco exposure | ||||
| Former smoker | 134/591 (22.7) | 87/391 (23.8) | 47/200 (25.5) | 0.731 |
| Current smoker | 3/591 (0.5) | 2/391 (0.5) | 1/200 (0.5) | 1.000 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Total number of drinks/week | 4.7 ± 4.8 | 5.3 ± 5.2 | 3.7 ± 3.9 | <0.001 |
| Number of nights/week with ≥1 drink | 2.7 ± 2.4 | 2.9 ± 2.4 | 2.4 ± 2.3 | 0.015 |
| Personal/peer concern about over-drinking | 94/591 (15.9) | 72/391 (18.4) | 22/200 (11.0) | 0.020 |
| Dietary habits | ||||
| Routinely use diet to control weight | 412/591 (69.7) | 265/391 (67.8) | 147/200 (73.5) | 0.152 |
| Follow strict dietb | 103/591 (17.4) | 63/391 (16.1) | 40/200 (20.0) | 0.239 |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%); p values reflect significance of difference between men and women
aIncludes boot camp, P90X, weight training, and yoga
bIncludes gluten-free, lactose-free, and paleo diet, vegan, and vegetarian