Table 3.
Absolute values of the morphometric analysis for inflammatory, remodeling, and oxidative stress markers, in the airway walls. The neutrophils, TNF-α, MMP-9, MMP-12, TIMP-1, iNOS, eNOS, and MUC-5 are expressed in positive cells/104 µm2. The collagen fiber, elastic fiber, and 8-iso-PGF2α are expressed in percentage (%). ∗ P < 0.05, compared with the SAL and SAL-rBbKI groups; ∗∗ P < 0.05, compared with the ELA-rBbKI group.
| SAL | ELA | SAL-rBbKI | ELA-rBbKI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory markers | ||||
| Neutrophils (cells/104 μm2) | 2.31 ± 0.27 | 4.23 ± 0.44∗ | 2.20 ± 0.69 | 2.75 ± 0.46∗∗ |
| TNF-α (cells/104 μm2) | 5.34 ± 0.34 | 15.38 ± 0.44∗ | 6.90 ± 1.30 | 12.65 ± 0.538∗/∗∗ |
|
| ||||
| Remodeling markers | ||||
| Collagen fibers (%) | 5.95 ± 0.10 | 9.40 ± 0.82∗ | 7.16 ± 0.69 | 8.64 ± 0.78∗∗ |
| Elastic fibers (%) | 0.45 ± 0.03 | 1.95 ± 0.08∗ | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 1.23 ± 0.05∗∗ |
| MMP-9 (cells/104 μm2) | 7.72 ± 0.87 | 16.57 ± 0.79∗ | 6.63 ± 0.79 | 10.59 ± 1.04∗∗ |
| MMP-12 (cells/104 μm2) | 13.45 ± 0.48 | 17.81 ± 1.00∗ | 7.04 ± 1.07 | 11.77 ± 0.78∗∗ |
| TIMP-1 (cells/104 μm2) | 4.34 ± 0.82 | 13.15 ± 1.15∗ | 5.20 ± 0.79 | 6.72 ± 1.06∗∗ |
|
| ||||
| Oxidative stress markers | ||||
| iNOS (cells/104 μm2) | 1.30 ± 0.61 | 5.62 ± 0.56∗ | 1.16 ± 0.91 | 6.99 ± 0.61∗/∗∗ |
| eNOS (cells/104 μm2) | 3.64 ± 0.57 | 12.22 ± 0.25∗ | 1.74 ± 0.42 | 6.00 ± 0.32∗/∗∗ |
| 8-iso-PGF2α (%) | 3.74 ± 0.79 | 23.47 ± 1.70∗ | 3.78 ± 0.52 | 16.19 ± 1.07∗/∗∗ |
|
| ||||
| Mucus production | ||||
| MUC-5 (cells/104 μm2) | 1.53 ± 0.26 | 7.66 ± 0.56∗ | 1.32 ± 0.26 | 3.82 ± 0.41∗/∗∗ |