Figure 4.

Mutation accumulation under diploid selection and arbitrary linkage between loci. The left panel shows the relative risk of a deleterious mutation on haplotypes that carry a male-beneficial vs. a female-beneficial sexually antagonistic allele (as in Figure 3). The right panel displays the equilibrium frequency of a deleterious allele relative to its expected frequency in the absence of sexually antagonistic selection at the A locus (as in Figure 1). Results are based on deterministic forward simulations, using recursions from the Appendix. Both panels show the accumulation of a partially recessive (h = 0.2) deleterious mutation with female-limited effect (t_m = 0; t_f = 0.1), and under sexually symmetric mutation (u_f = u_m = 10⁻⁵). The sexually antagonistic locus evolves under balancing selection with additive and symmetrical fitness effects between the sexes (s_m = s_f = 0.1, 0.25 or 0.5; k_m = k_f = 1/2 within Table 1).