Table 1. Comparison of vacuoles induced by “Non-Toxic” complex with those caused by other vacuolating toxins.

Toxin (Species)	Staining with NR	Staining with Lysotracker	Co-localisation	Effect of bafilomycin A1	Ref.
“Non-Toxic” complex (Clostridium botulinum)	Peripheral	Peripheral	Rab7, Rab9, Lamp1	Inhibit	This article
VacA (Hericobacter pylori)	Yes	Yes	Rab7, Lamp1	Inhibit	14,35,36,37
Haemolysin (Vibrio cholerae)	Yes	NI	Rab7, TGN46, Lamp1	Does not inhibit vacuole formation, but inhibits swelling of vacuoles	18,38,39
CARDS (Mycoplasma pneumoniae)	Yes	NI	Rab9, Lamp1, Lamp2	Inhibit	15