Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample, and by hyperemic flow group
| Characteristic (N=156) | Mean (SD) or % (n) | High Hyperemic Flow (N=72) | Intermediate Hyperemic Flow (N=71) | Low Hyperemic Flow (N=76) | F value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 56.2 (12.4) | 53.2 (11.5) | 57.5 (12.1) | 61.4 (12.2) | 8.79, p <.001 |
| Race (%Caucasian) | 45.5 (71) | 54.2 (39) | 50.7 (36) | 40.7 (48) | 1.44, p = 0.24 |
| Sex (% Male) | 70.5 (110) | 90.3 (65) | 63.3 (45) | 27.1 (20) | 20.07, p <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.1 (7.01) | 31.8 (6.36) | 32.5 (7.71) | 29.87 (7.45) | 2.53, p = 0.08 |
| Etiology (%ischemic) | 35.3 (55) | 36.1 (26) | 49.3 (35) | 39.5 (30) | 1.38, p = .25 |
| NT-ProBNP (pg./mL) | 1571 (2380) | 879 (1353) | 1824 (2473) | 2448 (3623) | 5.95, p <.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 31 (11) | 34 (11) | 29 (10) | 31 (11) | 3.06, p = .049 |
| Baseline SBP (mmHg) | 99 (18) | 101 (18) | 96 (18) | 103 (20) | 2.85, p = .06 |
| Baseline HR (bpm) | 67 (12) | 68 (12) | 66 (12) | 67 (12) | 0.45, p = .64 |
| Current smoker (%) | 14.1 (22) | 23.6 (17) | 14.1 (10) | 11.8 (9) | 2.09, p = .13 |
| Alcohol use (%) | 23.8 (37) | 26.8 (19) | 22.7 (16) | 16.4 (12) | 1.08, p = .34 |
| Diabetes (%) | 39.1 (61) | 33.3 (24) | 47.8 (34) | 51.3 (39) | 2.73, p = .07 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%) | 48.1 (75) | 47.2 (34) | 54.9 (39) | 44.7 (34) | 0.82, p = .44 |
| Pacemaker (%) | 9.6 (15) | 8.33 (6) | 15.5 (11) | 7.89 (6) | 1.39, p = .25 |
| Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) (%) | 5.7 (9) | 8.33 (6) | 7.04 (5) | 7.89 (6) | 0.04, p = .96 |
| Beta block use (%) | 85.3 (133) | 90.3 (65) | 81.7 (58) | 90.8 (69) | 1.75, p = .18 |
| Diuretic use (%) | 90.4 (141) | 88.9 (64) | 93.0 (63) | 96.1 (73) | 1.41, p = .25 |
| ACE inhibitor use (%) | 89.1 (140) | 88.9 (64) | 90.1 (64) | 82.9 (63) | 0.99, p = .37 |
| Statin use (%) | 40.4 (63) | 44.4 (32) | 45.1 (32) | 44.7 (34) | 0.00, p = .99 |
| Anticoagulant use (%) | 30.2 (47) | 23.6 (17) | 35.2 (25) | 30.3 (23) | 1.16, p = .32 |
| Antidepressant use (%) | 19.8 (31) | 18.1 (13) | 22.5 (16) | 22.4 (17) | 0.28, p = .76 |
Note: High hyperemic flow = flow greater than 0.975 L/min; Intermediate hyperemic flow = less than 0.975 L/min but greater than 0.64 L/min; Low hyperemic flow = flow less than 0.64 L/min. BMI = Body Mass Index (BMI); NT-ProBNP = N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; LVEF = Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction; SBP = Systolic Blood Pressure; HR = Heart Rate; GFR=glomerular filtration rate.