Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants
| Variables | All Participants (N = 201) | LM Group (n = 68) | RM Group (n = 68) | UC Group (n = 65) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age ± SD | 59.4 ± 15.7 | 58.8 ± 14.4 | 58.2 ± 17.6 | 61.3 ± 14.9 |
| Race, No. (%) | ||||
| White | 150 (74.6) | 51 (75.0) | 46 (67.7) | 53 (81.5) |
| Nonwhite | 51 (25.4) | 17 (25.0) | 22 (32.3) | 12 (18.5) |
| Surgery type, No. (%) | ||||
| Biopsy | 97 (48.3) | 39 (57.4) | 32 (47.1) | 26 (40.0) |
| Lumpectomy | 52 (25.9) | 12 (17.7) | 18 (26.5) | 22 (33.9) |
| Re-excision | 35 (17.4) | 13 (19.1) | 11 (16.2) | 11 (16.9) |
| Port surgery | 6 (3.0) | 2 (2.9) | 3 (4.4) | 1 (1.5) |
| Mass excision | 7 (3.5) | 1 (1.5) | 3 (4.4) | 3 (4.6) |
| Other | 4 (2.0) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.5) | 2 (3.1) |
| Hospital, No. (%) | ||||
| UHCMC | 133 (66.2) | 47 (69.1) | 41 (60.3) | 45 (69.2) |
| UHRMC | 68 (33.8) | 21 (30.9) | 27 (39.7) | 20 (30.8) |
Abbreviations: LM, live music; RM, recorded music; SD, standard deviation; UC, usual care; UHCMC, University Hospitals Case Medical Center; UHRMC, University Hospitals Richmond Medical Center.