Table 2.

Analysis of GA-VAS Anxiety Scores and Propofol Required to Reach 70 on BIS Monitor

Amount/Score	LM Group n = 67	RM Group n = 65	UC Group n = 62
Propofol
Amount to reach BIS 70, mg
Mean (SD)	67.2 (53.7)	61.9 (34.1)	70.5 (35.2)
Difference in means compared with UC group
Estimate (95% CI)	−3.3 (−19.0 to 12.4)	−8.6 (−20.8 to 3.5)
Effect size*	−0.09	−0.24

Abbreviations: BIS, Bispectral Index; GA-VAS, Global Anxiety-Visual Analog Scale; LM, live music; RM, recorded music; SD, standard deviation; UC, usual care.

^*Effect size is defined as the difference in means divided by the standard deviation of the UC group.

^†Differs from the usual care group (P < .001, Wilcoxon rank sum test).

^‡Adjusted for pretest GA-VAS. Estimates the mean change in GA-VAS when baseline GA-VAS equals 64.7 (the pretest mean GA-VAS for all groups combined).

^§Difference in group means, adjusted for pretest GA-VAS.

^‖Effect size is defined as the difference in adjusted means, divided by standard deviation of the post-test measurement for the usual care group.