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Mechanical ventilation after PA instillation induced cytokine as well as phospho-JNK expression in the lungs. Protein expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, MIP-2, and IL-6), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and phospho-JNK in the lungs of mice after different treatments was examined by Western blotting. CFU, colony forming unit; PA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; MV, mechanical ventilation for 3 h. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. n = 3/group
