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. 2015 Oct 26;1:15017. doi: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.17

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Copyright © 2015 Cell Death Differentiation Association

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Cathepsin and calpain induction by curcumin. (a) Flow cytometry analysis of the cathepsin activity following the incubation of cells with 25 μM curcumin for 24 h in the presence or absence of a cocktail of cathepsin inhibitors. (b) Cathepsin activity in Huh-7 cells treated with various concentrations of curcumin for 24 h. The effects of z-LEHD, an inhibitor of caspase-9, were tested in samples incubated with 25 μM curcumin. (c) Caspase-8 activity in cells treated with 25 μM curcumin and one of several cathepsin inhibitors (pepstatin A, cathepsin G inhibitor and Z-FF-fmk) or pore opening inhibitors (BA and CsA). (d) Curcumin-induced calpain activity in the presence of a calcium chelator, BAPTA-AM, a mitochondrially targeted antioxidant, an inhibitor of capase-9, Z-LEHDfmk, or a calpain inhibitor.