. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Aug 10.

Published in final edited form as: Psychosomatics. 2015 Oct 23;57(1):71–81. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2015.10.001

TABLE 2.

Presence or Absence of Risk Factors and Other Associated Clinical Features

Risk factors, grouped by corresponding mechanism leading to thiamine deficiency	Case no.																		Frequency, n (%)
	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	Frequency, n (%)
Decreased availability of thiamine
Low oral intake, low appetite	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	18 (100)
<95% Usual body weight	+	+		+	+	+	+		+	+		+	+		+	+	+		13 (72.2)
Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea		+						+	+		+	+	+	+	+	+	+		10 (55.6)
Body mass index <18.5					+							+		+		+			4 (22.2)
Intestinal obstruction											+						+		2 (11.1)
Oral thrush						+													1 (5.6)
Accelerated usage/hypermetabolic state
Heart rate ≥90 BPM	+	+		+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+		+	+	+	+	+	15 (83.3)
Corticosteroids	+	+	+	+	+			+					+	+				+	9 (50)
Current infection	+	+	+			+		+	+		+		+	+					9 (50)
Lactic acidosis	+	+	+	+		+		+			+		+						8 (44.4)
Elevated LDH	+				+	+		+						+	+			+	7 (38.9)
Fever	+	+		+				+			+		+						6 (33.3)
Glucose infusion		+	+								+					+		+	5 (27.8)
Sepsis		+						+					+						3 (16.7)
Impaired use of thiamine
Fluorouracil^*					+	+			+			+					+		5 (27.8)
Metronidazole									+		+								2 (11.1)
Excess loss of thiamine
Diabetes			+					+	+				+						4 (22.2)
Renal disease			+				+	+			+								4 (22.2)

+ = Presence of risk factor at the time of diagnosis; BMP = beats per minute; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase.

Fluorouracil or related chemotherapies (floxuridine and capecitabine).