Table 1.
Sample characteristics and pack warning change dates
| Malaysia | Thailand | Total | Country Differences~ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of respondents at each wave | ||||
| Wave 1 (in early 2005) | 2004 | 2000 | 4004 | |
| (From March 2005 Thailand implemented graphic warnings, covering 50% of the front) | ||||
| Wave 2 (2006) | 1640 | 2066 | 3706 | |
| Wave 3 (2008) | 1957 | 2465 | 4422 | |
| (From January2009 Malaysia implemented graphic warnings, covering 40% of the front) | ||||
| Wave 4 (2009) | 2045 | 2276 | 4321 | |
| (In 2010 Thailand increased graphic warning size from 50% to 55% ) | ||||
| Wave 5 (2011) | 2007 | 2132 | 4139 | |
| Wave 6 (2013/14) | 2000 | 2159 | 4159 | |
| Gender (% male, out of total unique individuals#: for Malaysia N=5311; for Thailand N=3817, Total N=9128) | 97.3 | 90.7 | 94.6 | ** |
| Ethnicity (% minority group) | 19.1 | 1.3 | 11.9 | *** |
| Urban/rural region (% urban) | 65.5 | 43.8 | 56.4 | *** |
| Age at recruitment^(%) | *** | |||
| 18–24 | 33.5 | 8.1 | 22.9 | |
| 25–39 | 33.3 | 26.4 | 29.3 | |
| 40–54 | 22.3 | 38.8 | 30.5 | |
| 55+ | 10.9 | 26.5 | 17.5 | |
| Education at recruitment (%) | *** | |||
| Low | 13.7 | 67.7 | 36.4 | |
| Moderate | 73.5 | 23.6 | 52.5 | |
| High | 12.8 | 8.7 | 11.1 | |
| Income at recruitment (%) | *** | |||
| Low | 23.9 | 25.3 | 24.5 | |
| Moderate | 26.1 | 30.9 | 28.1 | |
| High | 30.1 | 40.2 | 34.3 | |
| No information | 19.9 | 3.6 | 13.1 | |
| Cigarettes per day at recruitment (%) | *** | |||
| 1–10 | 49.8 | 54.9 | 51.9 | |
| 11–20 | 44.5 | 38.3 | 41.9 | |
| 21–30 | 3.4 | 4.5 | 3.9 | |
| 31+ | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | |
| Tobacco products smoked (% factory-made cigarettes) | 93.8 | 70.1 | 83.8 | *** |
| Intention to quit at recruitment (%) | *** | |||
| No intention/can’t say | 37.5 | 65.1 | 49.1 | |
| Beyond 6 months | 47.5 | 16.1 | 34.3 | |
| Within next 6 months | 9.2 | 12.2 | 10.4 | |
| Within next month | 5.9 | 6.6 | 6.2 | |
| Self-efficacy at recruitment (%) | *** | |||
| Not at all sure | 20.6 | 38.7 | 28.3 | |
| Somewhat sure/don’t know | 51.9 | 33.8 | 44.3 | |
| Very sure | 21.9 | 17.9 | 20.3 | |
| Extremely sure | 5.5 | 9.5 | 7.2 | |
^
At the time they first participated in the Survey.
#
For all unique individuals who were presented in at least one wave of the surveys (from Wave 1 to Wave 6), and this applies to the other variables in the table. For some variables the numbers of cases were fewer than the total unique cases, due to some “don’t know” and “missing” cases.
~
chi square test results.
**
Significant at p<0.01 level;
***
Significant at p<0.001.