Table 3.
A. Logisitic regression models results of sociodemographic correlates within latent classes of opioid use disorder among those that used prescripton opioids at least 120 days in the past year. | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | "Non- symptomatic" |
"Tolerance-Time Spent class" | "High-moderate symptomatic class" | |||||||||
n* | % | n* | % | aOR | 95%CI | p | n* | % | aOR | 95%CI | p | |
Gender | ||||||||||||
Female | 185 | 43.6 | 112 | 33.0 | 1.00 | 72 | 28.8 | 1.00 | ||||
Male | 239 | 56.4 | 226 | 67.0 | 1.64 | 0.89–3.00 | 0.107 | 177 | 71.2 | 1.51 | 1.25–3.98 | 0.006 |
Income | ||||||||||||
Medium Income |
121 | 28.6 | 93 | 27.6 | 1.00 | 65 | 26.3 | 1.00 | ||||
Poverty | 114 | 26.8 | 81 | 23.9 | 1.37 | 0.50–3.71 | 0.532 | 61 | 24.5 | 1.09 | 0.45–2.64 | 0.835 |
High Income | 189 | 44.6 | 164 | 48.5 | 1.18 | 0.43–3.24 | 0.739 | 123 | 49.2 | 1.63 | 0.74–3.57 | 0.221 |
Metropolitan Area |
||||||||||||
Large | 224 | 52.8 | 150 | 44.3 | 1.00 | 127 | 50,7 | 1.00 | ||||
Small | 127 | 30.0 | 115 | 34.1 | 1.08 | 0.55–2.13 | 0.810 | 82 | 33.1 | 0.93 | 0.43–1.96 | 0.849 |
Non-metrpolitan area |
73 | 17.2 | 73 | 21.6 | 1.45 | 0.63–3.35 | 0.375 | 40 | 16.2 | 0.99 | 0.38–2.59 | 0.992 |
Insurance | ||||||||||||
No | 146 | 34.4 | 139 | 41.2 | 1.00 | 92 | 37.1 | 1.00 | ||||
Yes | 278 | 65.6 | 199 | 58.8 | 1.10 | 0.62–1.94 | 0.732 | 157 | 62.9 | 2.08 | 1.11–3.87 | 0.021 |
Employment Status |
||||||||||||
Employed | 259 | 61.0 | 222 | 65.7 | 1.00 | 138 | 55.3 | 1.00 | ||||
Unemployment | 165 | 39.0 | 116 | 34.3 | 0.70 | 0.39–1.26 | 0.242 | 111 | 44.7 | 1.51 | 0.79–2.89 | 0.210 |
Race | ||||||||||||
Non-hispanic White |
270 | 63.6 | 274 | 81.2 | 1.00 | 216 | 86.7 | 1.00 | ||||
Non-hispanic Black |
60 | 14.2 | 21 | 6.2 | 0.63 | 0.20–1.90 | 0.413 | 7 | 2.9 | 0.28 | 0.05–1.35 | 0.114 |
Hispanic | 67 | 15.9 | 30 | 8.8 | 0.63 | 0.26–1.48 | 0.294 | 19 | 7.6 | 0.41 | 0.17–0.96 | 0.040 |
Other | 27 | 6.3 | 13 | 3.8 | 0.29 | 0.15–0.58 | <0.001 | 7 | 2.8 | 0.30 | 0.09–0.92 | 0.037 |
Education (in years) |
||||||||||||
Low | 107 | 25.3 | 74 | 21.7 | 1.00 | 67 | 26.8 | 1.00 | ||||
Low-average | 156 | 36.8 | 130 | 38.6 | 1.45 | 0.57–3.68 | 0.424 | 82 | 32.8 | 0.67 | 0.28–1.60 | 0.367 |
High-average | 124 | 29.2 | 94 | 27.8 | 1.26 | 0.53–3.02 | 0.596 | 81 | 32.7 | 0.92 | 0.38–2.20 | 0.861 |
High | 37 | 8.7 | 40 | 11.9 | 2.65 | 0.79–8.90 | 0.114 | 19 | 7.7 | 0.87 | 0.16–4.62 | 0.872 |
Marital Status | ||||||||||||
Never married | 212 | 50.1 | 185 | 54.6 | 1.00 | 156 | 62.9 | 1.00 | ||||
Widow/ Separated/ Divorced |
70 | 16.4 | 70 | 20.8 | 2.50 | 0.84–7.41 | 0.096 | 51 | 20.3 | 2.15 | 0.85–5.38 | 0.102 |
Married/ Cohabiting |
142 | 33.5 | 83 | 24.6 | 1.24 | 0.47–3.26 | 0.660 | 42 | 16.8 | 0.59 | 0.21–1.60 | 0.302 |
Age (in years) | ||||||||||||
18 to 25 | 19 | 4.4 | 31 | 9.1 | 1.00 | 19 | 7.4 | 1.00 | ||||
26 to 34 | 275 | 64.8 | 210 | 62.2 | 0.66 | 0.45–0.99 | 0.046 | 157 | 63.2 | 0.95 | 0.58–1.55 | 0.851 |
35 or more | 131 | 30.8 | 97 | 28.7 | 0.18 | 0.07–0.48 | 0.001 | 73 | 29.4 | 0.46 | 0.17–1.24 | 0.221 |
Survey Year | ||||||||||||
2011 | 216 | 50.9 | 176 | 52.1 | 1.00 | 133 | 53.4 | 1.00 | ||||
2012 | 208 | 49.1 | 162 | 47.9 | 1.08 | 0.55–2.10 | 0.809 | 116 | 46.6 | 1.09 | 0.60–1.98 | 0.763 |
B. Logisitic regression models results of psychiatric and sources correlates within latent classes DSM-5 opioid use disorder among those that used prescripton opioids at least 120 days in the past year. | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | "Non- symptomatic" |
"Tolerance-Time Spent class" | "High-moderate symptomatic class" | |||||||||
n* | % | n* | % | aOR | 95%CI | p | n* | % | aOR | 95%CI | p | |
Anxiety Disorders Major |
56 | 13.1 | 66 | 19.4 | 1.31 | 0.58–2.98 | 0.506 | 66 | 26.7 | 1.88 | 0.82–4.29 | 0.132 |
Depressive Disorder |
56 | 13.1 | 62 | 18.4 | 1.44 | 0.68–3.03 | 0.330 | 65 | 26.0 | 1.61 | 0.65–3.98 | 0.302 |
Antisocial Behaviors |
51 | 12.0 | 118 | 34.8 | 3.33 | 1.75–6.35 | <0.001 | 150 | 60.2 | 9.43 | 4.53–19.66 | <0.001 |
Doctor Shopping |
81 | 19.0 | 80 | 23.7 | 1.74 | 0.80–3.79 | 0.162 | 74 | 29.6 | 2.60 | 1.29–5.24 | 0.008 |
Bought from a Drug Dealer |
28 | 6.7 | 94 | 27.7 | 4.81 | 1.79–12.88 | 0.002 | 78 | 31.3 | 6.58 | 2.89–14.98 | <0.001 |
Obtained PO from Family/Friends |
137 | 32.4 | 199 | 58.8 | 2.97 | 1.54–5.72 | 0.001 | 121 | 48.4 | 1.52 | 0.82–2.78 | 0.176 |
Estimated value of n since after de imputation of weights/clusters/strata it is not possible to calculate the exact value of n
Non-symptomatic class was the reference category for other latent classes.
PO = prescription opioids