Dose-effect functions for the discriminative stimulus effects (top) and rate effects (bottom) of nicotine, dFBr, PNU-120596 and LY 2087101. Abscissae: Saline (Sal), vehicle consisting of propylene glycol, Tween 80, and saline (PGT) and dose in milligram per kilogram body weight. Ordinates: the percentage of nicotine-appropriate responses (top) and rate of responding in responses per s calculated as a percent of the control response rate (bottom).