Table 3.
Intake of 125 preschool children in a study of the effects of varying milk energy density and portion size on meal intake 1
| Lower-energy-dense milk | Higher-energy-dense milk | Significant effects2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100% Portion Size (n=120) | 150% Portion Size (n=118) | 100% Portion Size (n=116) | 150% Portion Size (n=119) | ||
| Total meal intake (g) | 349±8 | 388±10 | 333±8 | 358±10 | PS, ED3 |
| Milk (g) | 149±4 | 187±8 | 147±4 | 185±7 | PS4 |
| Food intake (g) | 200±6 | 200±7 | 186±7 | 173±7 | ED5 |
| Total meal energy intake (kcal) | 322±8 | 337±10 | 328±9 | 337±10 | --6 |
| Milk (kcal) | 63±2 | 79±3 | 90±3 | 113±4 | PS, ED |
| Food intake (kcal) | 260±8 | 259±9 | 238±9 | 224±9 | ED |
| Energy density of food (kcal/g) | 1.31±0.02 | 1.29±0.02 | 1.29±0.02 | 1.30±0.02 | -- |
| Energy density of food and milk (kcal/g) | 0.92±0.01 | 0.88±0.02 | 0.98±0.01 | 0.94±0.01 | PS, ED |
| Carbohydrate intake (g) | 36.4±1.0 | 38.5±1.1 | 33.8±1.1 | 33.2±1.0 | ED |
| Protein intake (g) | 20.2±0.6 | 21.2±.7 | 18.3±0.6 | 18.8±0.6 | ED |
| Fat intake (g) | 11.5±0.4 | 11.9±0.4 | 14.0±0.4 | 15.0±0.5 | PS, ED |
1
All values are mean ± SEM
2
Mixed linear models were used to test the effects of milk portion size and energy density on all outcomes. Results were considered significant at P<0.05.
3
PS, ED, There were significant independent effects of milk portion size (all P<0.04) and energy density (all P<0.003) on the outcome.
4
PS, There was a significant independent effect of milk portion size (all P<0.0001) on the outcome.
5
ED, There was a significant independent effect of milk energy density (all P<0.0001) on the outcome.
6
--, There were no significant effects of milk portion size or energy density on the outcome.