Table 1.
Factors associated with mortality.
| Number of patients | Deaths | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | p | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | p | |||
| Total | 16546 | 880 | ||||||
|
| ||||||||
| Time period of ART Initiation | <0.001 | 0.005 | ||||||
| 2003–05 | 2782 | 257 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 2006–09 | 6077 | 348 | 0.68 | (0.57, 0.81) | <0.001 | 0.78 | (0.65, 0.93) | 0.007 |
| 2010–13 | 7687 | 275 | 0.52 | (0.42, 0.64) | <0.001 | 0.73 | (0.59, 0.91) | 0.005 |
|
| ||||||||
| Age at ART initiation (years) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| ≤30 | 4512 | 175 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 31–40 | 7413 | 364 | 1.24 | (1.03, 1.48) | 0.021 | 1.11 | (0.92, 1.33) | 0.267 |
| 41–50 | 3129 | 182 | 1.47 | (1.19, 1.81) | <0.001 | 1.31 | (1.06, 1.63) | 0.013 |
| 51+ | 1492 | 159 | 2.62 | (2.09, 3.28) | <0.001 | 2.36 | (1.86, 2.99) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 11253 | 702 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Female | 5293 | 178 | 0.58 | (0.49, 0.69) | <0.001 | 0.74 | (0.62, 0.89) | 0.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| Mode of HIV Exposure | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Heterosexual contact | 13512 | 684 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Homosexual contact | 1085 | 44 | 0.54 | (0.38, 0.75) | <0.001 | 0.82 | (0.58, 1.15) | 0.255 |
| Injecting drug use | 773 | 87 | 2.30 | (1.75, 3.02) | <0.001 | 2.03 | (1.44, 2.87) | <0.001 |
| Other/unknown | 1176 | 65 | 1.00 | (0.77, 1.30) | 0.996 | 1.06 | (0.82, 1.38) | 0.641 |
|
| ||||||||
| Pre-ART HIV viral load (copies/mL) | ||||||||
| ≤100000 | 1515 | 53 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| >100000 | 1788 | 111 | 1.74 | (1.26, 2.42) | 0.001 | 1.21 | (0.87, 1.68) | 0.266 |
| Missing | 13243 | 716 | 2.51 | (1.85, 3.41) | <0.001 | 1.59 | (1.16, 2.19) | 0.004 |
|
| ||||||||
| Pre-ART CD4 cell count (cells/μL) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| ≤50 | 3605 | 326 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 51–100 | 2266 | 183 | 0.86 | (0.71, 1.03) | 0.110 | 0.88 | (0.73, 1.06) | 0.179 |
| 101–200 | 3796 | 172 | 0.46 | (0.38, 0.55) | <0.001 | 0.49 | (0.41, 0.60) | <0.001 |
| >200 | 4518 | 83 | 0.21 | (0.16, 0.27) | <0.001 | 0.26 | (0.20, 0.33) | <0.001 |
| Missing | 2361 | 116 | 0.53 | (0.42, 0.67) | <0.001 | 0.55 | (0.44, 0.69) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||||||
| First ART regimen | 0.526 | 0.190 | ||||||
| NRTI+NNRTI | 15911 | 835 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| NRTI+PI | 569 | 42 | 1.18 | (0.85, 1.63) | 0.320 | 1.36 | (0.98, 1.89) | 0.068 |
| Other/unknown | 66 | 3 | 0.74 | (0.24, 2.31) | 0.605 | 1.07 | (0.34, 3.36) | 0.903 |
|
| ||||||||
| Previous mono/duo exposure | ||||||||
| No | 15951 | 825 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Yes | 595 | 55 | 1.41 | (1.07, 1.86) | 0.015 | 1.31 | (0.99, 1.75) | 0.060 |
|
| ||||||||
| HBV co-infection | ||||||||
| Negative | 5762 | 331 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Positive | 646 | 48 | 1.23 | (0.91, 1.67) | 0.181 | 1.12 | (0.83, 1.53) | 0.451 |
| Not tested | 10138 | 501 | 1.58 | (1.19, 2.11) | 0.002 | 1.62 | (1.16, 2.26) | 0.004 |
|
| ||||||||
| HCV co-infection | ||||||||
| Negative | 7047 | 370 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Positive | 1021 | 88 | 1.72 | (1.32, 2.24) | <0.001 | 1.07 | (0.77, 1.49) | 0.681 |
| Not tested | 8478 | 422 | 1.11 | (0.90, 1.38) | 0.326 | 0.87 | (0.69, 1.09) | 0.224 |
Note: Global p-values for year of ART initiation, age and pre-ART CD4 cell count are for tests for trend. Other global p-values are for tests for heterogeneity.