Table 4. Complications and specific interventions by survival status.
| Cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis | Herniotomy for inguinal, femoral, umbilical, or abdominal hernia | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surviving | Dying | Surviving | Dying | |||||
| Cases | Percentage | Cases | Percentage | Cases | Percentage | Cases | Percentage | |
| Total | 728469 | 100% | 2957 | 100% | 1021566 | 100% | 1316 | 100% |
| Complications | ||||||||
| Deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism | 704 | 0.1% | 106 | 3.6% | 697 | 0.1% | 101 | 7.7% |
| Myocardial infarction/TIA/stroke | 1577 | 0.2% | 274 | 9.3% | 1260 | 0.1 % | 141 | 10.7% |
| Cardiogenic shock/cardiac arrest/ ventricular fibrillation | 534 | 0.1% | 512 | 17.3% | 467 | 0.05% | 272 | 20.7% |
| Other shock (e.g. hypovolemic, anaphylactic) | 1126 | 0.2% | 328 | 11.1% | 1335 | 0.1% | 122 | 9.3% |
| Acute kidney failure | 3027 | 0.4% | 1088 | 36.8% | 1407 | 0.1% | 377 | 28.6% |
| Pneumonia | 5045 | 0.7% | 872 | 29.5% | 2199 | 0.2% | 359 | 27.3% |
| Wound infection | 6905 | 0.9% | 193 | 6.5% | 4132 | 0.4% | 56 | 4.3% |
| Sepsis/SIRS | 3981 | 0.5% | 1095 | 37.0% | 414 | 0.04% | 222 | 16.9% |
| Perioperative or postoperative surgical complication | 18319 | 2.5% | 549 | 18.6% | 28292 | 2.8% | 168 | 12.8% |
| Anesthesia-related complication | 5249 | 0.7% | 58 | 2.0% | 6394 | 0.6% | 17 | 1.3% |
| Other complication associated with medical procedures | 16572 | 2.3% | 288 | 9.7% | 18005 | 1.8% | 133 | 10.1% |
| Coagulation complication (DIC or HIT II) | 371 | 0.1% | 120 | 4.1% | 215 | 0.02% | 27 | 2.1% |
| Peritonitis* | – | – | – | 706 | 0.1% | 82 | 6.2% | |
| Postoperative intestinal obstruction | 664 | 0.1% | 44 | 1.5% | 778 | 0.1% | 22 | 1.7% |
| At least one investigated complication | 52826 | 7.3% | 2445 | 82.7% | 60123 | 5.9% | 1030 | 78.3% |
| Specific interventions | ||||||||
| Ventilation for more than 24 hours | 2749 | 0.4% | 1292 | 43.7% | 806 | 0.1% | 342 | 26.0% |
| Intensive care | 12783 | 1.8% | 1491 | 50.4% | 4681 | 0.5% | 481 | 36.6% |
| Blood transfusion (at least 6 units) | 1481 | 0.2% | 519 | 17.6% | 553 | 0.1% | 132 | 10.0% |
| Resuscitation | 440 | 0.1% | 542 | 18.3% | 349 | 0.03% | 300 | 22.8% |
| Relaparotomy, repeat surgery | 3749 | 0.5% | 334 | 11.3% | 8543 | 0.8% | 60 | 4.6% |
| Switch from laparoscopic to open surgery | 29655 | 4.1% | 521 | 17.6% | – | – | – | – |
| Autopsy | – | – | 13 | 0.4% | – | – | 7 | 0.5% |
*Peritonitis is included as a complication in herniotomy only (for cholecystectomy it is unclear whether it was present before surgery or acquired during treatment).TIA: transient ischemic attack; SIRS: systemic inflammatory response syndrome; DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation; HIT II: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, type II