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. 2016 Jun 9;3:207–220. doi: 10.1007/s40472-016-0107-8

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 1 — Schematic diagram showing 3 potential methods for making bioengineered kidneys using autologous cells. 1 iPSC-derived RPCs and endothelial cells self-organise in vitro to generate renal organoids. 2 iPSC-derived RPCs and endothelial cells are introduced into decellularised human or pig kidneys via the renal artery (endothelial cells) and ureter (RPCs). 3 iPSC-derived RPCs, endothelial cells and an appropriate matrix are printed according to a computer-generated organ ‘blueprint’