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. 2016 Aug 11;6:29540. doi: 10.1038/srep29540

Table 3. Participant demographic characteristics at baseline, for the combined intervention and placebo groups.

Demographics Placebo (n = 30) Combined Intervention Group (n = 54) Test Statistic, p-value
Mean age, years (± SD) 57.1 (± 8.3) 60.2 (± 10.0) t(82) = 1.44, p = 0.15
Sex, n (%)
 Male 17 (57) 27 (50) χ2(1) = 0.34, p = 0.56
 Female 13 (43) 27 (50)  
Country of birth, n (%)
 Australia 15 (50) 14 (52) χ2(1) = 0.11, p = 0.75
 Other than Australia 15 (50) 13 (48)  
Language, n (%)
 English 24 (80) 49 (91) χ2(1) = 2.00, p = 0.16
 Other than English 6 (20) 5 (9)  
Education, n (%)
 Postgraduate 4 (13) 8 (15) χ2(3) = 0.07, p = 0.79
 Undergraduate 5 (17) 12 (22)  
 School 5 (17) 10 (19)  
 Skills Training 16 (53) 24 (44)  
*Employment, n (%)
 Full-time 9 (30) 17 (31) χ2(1) = 0.07, p = 0.79
 Part-time 4 (13) 10 (19)  
 Retired 9 (30) 20 (37)  
 Unemployed 2 (7) 1 (2)  
 Unable to work 2 (7) 4 (7)  
 Home carer 4 (13) 2 (4)  
Carer of children under 18 years, n (%)
 Yes 7 (23) 8 (15) χ2(1) = 0.95, p = 0.33
 No 23 (77) 46 (85)  
Primary carer, n (%)      
 Yes 2 (7) 5 (9) χ2(1) = 0.17, p = 0.68
 No 28 (93) 49 (91)  
Diabetes medication use, n (%)
 Yes 9 (30) 14 (26) χ2(1) = 2.00, p = 0.16
 No 21 (70) 40 (74)  

The appropriate test statistic and p-value are detailed in the right column.

*Due to small cell sizes, the working (full-time/part-time/caring) and not working (retired/unable to work/unemployed) groups were compared.