Table 1.

Characteristics of butanol compared to ethanol [72].

Characteristic	Ethanol	Butanol
Formula	C2H5OH	C4H9OH
Boiling point (°C)	78	118
Energy density (MJ Kg−1)	26.9	33.1
Air fuel ratio	9.0	11.2
Research octane number	129	96
Motor octane number	102	78
Heat of vaporization (MJ Kg−1)	0.92	0.43