Table 3.
Examples of second generation biomass used in butanol fermentation.
| Fermentation conditions (T°C and pH) | Clostridium species | Yields |
Productivity (g L−1 h−1) | Product distribution | References | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| g L−1 | g g−1 | ||||||
| Barley liquor silage | 37 and 6.5 | C. acetobutylicum DSM 1731 | 9.0 | ABE | [27] | ||
| Glycerol | 37 and over 6.5 | C. acetobutylicum KF 158795 | 13.57 | Butanol | [26] | ||
| Rice straw | 37 and 6.7 | C. sporogenes BE01 | 5.52 | Butanol | [37] | ||
| Oil palm trunk fiber | 37 and 6 | C. beijerinckii TISTR 1461 | 10 | 0.41 | Butanol | [36] | |
| Crude cellulose | 37 and 6.7 | C. acetobutylicum DP 217 | 0.33 | Butanol | [38] | ||
| Spoilage palm fruits | 30 and 6 | C. acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and Bacillus subtilis DSM 4451 | 21.56 | 0.42 | 0.30 | ABE | [39] |