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. 2016 Aug 11;17:171. doi: 10.1186/s13059-016-1030-0

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 7 — Effect of sex on the epigenetic age of brain tissue. Each panel depicts a forest plot resulting from the meta-analysis of sex effects. Each row in a forest plot shows the mean difference in epigenetic age between men and women and a 95 % confidence interval. To combine the coefficient estimates from the respective studies into a single estimate, we applied a fixed-effects model weighted by inverse variance, which is implemented in the metafor R package [89]. a Gender did not have a significant effect on the epigenetic age of the cerebellum, which is known to age more slowly than other brain regions according to the epigenetic clock [43]. b When excluding cerebellar samples from the analysis, we find that male brain regions exhibit a significantly higher age acceleration than female brain regions (mean difference = 0.82, meta-analysis p = 3.1 × 10^–5). The difference remains significant even after adjusting for intra-subject correlations using a linear mixed effects model (mean difference = 0.77, p = 0.0034)