Table 4.

Hierarchical multiple regression results predicting adolescent alcohol use from demographics and risk and promotive factors

Alcohol Use (Log)	Model 1: Demographics	Model 2: risk factors	Model 3: Promotive Factors§
Parameter	Exp(b) (95% CI)	Exp(b) (95% CI)	Exp(b) (95% CI)
Intercept	4.93(4.40, 5.53)	2.67(2.39, 2.98)	4.27(3.53, 5.26)
Demographics
Sex†	1.06(1.02, 1.11)*	1.02(0.99, 1.06)	1.02(0.99, 1.06)
Household composition£	0.90(0.85, 0.95)**	0.94(0.89, 0.98)*	0.94(0.90, 0.99)*
Financial situation	0.99(0.97, 1.02)	0.98(0.96, 1.00)*	0.97(0.95, 0.99)*
Parent education	1.00(0.98, 1.02)	1.01(0.98, 1.03)	1.01(0.99, 1.03)
Risk factors
Friends’ acceptance of substance use		1.19(1.16, 1.22)**	1.16(1.14, 1.20)**
Substance use of nonparental adults		1.18(1.15, 1.21)**	1.17(1.14, 1.20)**
Promotive factors
Neighbours’ control			0.96(0.94, 0.98)**
Mother support			0.94(0.92, 0.96)**
Having a mentor			1.01(0.97, 1.05)

^†Females are the reference group,

^£Dichotomous variable: one parent family is reference group,

^§Values in the table represent exponentiated beta coefficients and 95% CI. Results from models 4–9 not shown in the table as none of the risk by promotive interactions were significant predictors of alcohol use.

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.001