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. 2016 Feb 23;2016:4792898. doi: 10.1155/2016/4792898

Table 13.

Inter-observer Reliability: GS and SPECS.

Kappa (95% Cl)

GS Total Fair 0.35 (0.28, 0.41)

SPECS Total Moderate 0.43 (0.36, 0.50)
Vocalization Moderate 0.41 (0.34, 0.47)
Positioning/Body Language Fair 0.34 (0.28, 0.41)
Patient Anxiety/Emotion Moderate 0.42 (0.35, 0.49)

SPECS was categorized into 4 levels: 0, 1–3, 4–6 and 7–9.