Figure 3.

d-Ala-d-Ala Dipeptide Could Rescue the Macrochloroplast Phenotype of ∆Pp-ddl Plants.

(A) Wild-type and Pp-ddl knockout (∆Pp-ddl) plants were grown on BCDAT medium supplemented with 1 mg/mL d-Ala-d-Ala (DA-DA), 1 mg/mL l-Ala-l-Ala (LA-LA), or 100 µg/mL d-Ala. ∆Pp-ddl plants were also grown with 100 µg/mL DA-DA (×0.1 DA-DA). Only DA-DA could rescue the macrochloroplast phenotype of ∆Pp-ddl plants, although chloroplast number was not recovered to that of wild-type plants (photos with red frame). The magnification is identical in all photographs. Bar = 20 µm.

(B) Pp-MurE (∆Pp-MurE) and Pp-Pbp (∆Pp-Pbp) knockout plants were grown with 1 mg/mL DA-DA, 1 mg/mL LA-LA, or 100 µg/mL d-Ala. The magnification is identical in all photographs. Bar = 20 µm.

(C) ∆Pp-ddl plants were grown with 1 mg/mL d-Ala-l-Ala (DA-LA), or l-Ala-d-Ala (LA-DA). Bar = 20 µm.

(D) Wild-type and ∆Pp-ddl plants were grown on BCDAT medium with 100 µM d-cycloserine (DCS). Bar = 20 µm.