Table 3. Malformation frequency at birth (including stillbirths and perinatal deaths, but not early miscarriages) in relation to parental exposure.

Mother’s exposure condition	Father’s exposure condition
	Not in cities (%)	Low-to-moderate doses (%)	High doses (%)
Not in cities	294/31,904 (0.92)	40/4,509 (0.89)	6/534 (1.1)
Low-to-moderate doses	144/17,616 (0.82)	79/7,970 (0.99)	5/614 (0.81)
High doses	19/1,676 (1.1)	6/463 (1.3)	1/145 (0.7)

Data are from Neel and Schull (1991). The early miscarriages have apparently not been recorded.