Figure 2.

Distribution of percentage reduction in average loss for estimates of genetic, residual, and phenotypic covariance matrices, together with corresponding change in log-likelihood ($\Delta \mathrm{ℒ}$) for penalties on canonical eigenvalues (${\mathcal{P}}_{\lambda }$) and genetic, partial autocorrelations, shrinking toward zero [${\mathcal{P}}_{\pi }\left(0\right)$] or phenotypic values [${\mathcal{P}}_{\pi }\left(P\right)$]. Centered circles give mean values. Numerical values on the x-axis are fixed, prior effective sample sizes while “E” denotes the use of a value estimated from the data for each replicate.