Table 1. Characteristics of the 18 studies included in the analysis.
| First author, Year | Location | Study type | Immune State | Age, y a | Gender, M/F | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBV | HC | HBV | HC | ||||
| Bonorino, 2009 | French | Case-control | NA | 38 (17–63) b | NA | 1.11 | NA |
| Conroy, 2014 | Irish | Case-control | NA | 34.3 (18–60) b | NA | 1 | NA |
| Gu, 2009 | Chinese | Case-control | IA | 35.50 ± 6.21 | 35.18 ± 7.01 | 2.57 | 2.75 |
| Li, 2012 | Chinese | Case-control | NA | 34 c | 29 c | 2.32 | 1.33 |
| Li, 2014 | Chinese | Case-control | IT | 28.27 ± 34.59 | 25.35 ± 40.94 | 0.88 | 0.80 |
| Chinese | Case-control | IA | 30.82 ± 68.57 | 25.35 ± 40.94 | 4.25 | 0.80 | |
| Li, 2015 | Chinese | Case-control | IT | 32.8 ± 8.9 | 42.1 ± 10.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 |
| Chinese | Case-control | IA | 38.1± 11.6 | 42.1 ± 10.9 | 2.1 | 1.9 | |
| Chinese | Case-control | IN | 32.2 ± 7.4 | 42.1 ± 10.9 | 6.3 | 1.9 | |
| Lunemann, 2014 | German | Case-control | NA | 41 (22–59) b | 48 (21–65) b | 0.70 | 1.00 |
| Lv, 2012 | Chinese | Cohort | IA | 34.4 ± 20.9 | 35.9 ± 35.0 | 2.43 | 5.00 |
| Oliviero, 2009 | Italian | Case-control | NA | 48 (20–72) b | NA | 1.44 | NA |
| Peppa, 2010 | English | Case-control | NA | 37.2±11.9 | 30.0 ± 8.5 | 1.13 | 1.12 |
| Sprengers, 2006 | Dutch | Case-control | NA | 36.29±9.84 | NA | 2.36 | NA |
| Sun, 2012 | Chinese | Case-control | NA | 33.4± 2.6 | 34.1 ± 1.8 | 1.23 | 1.06 |
| Tjwa, 2011 | Dutch | Case-control | NA | 38.1 ± 10.1 | 36.9 ± 8.0 | 2.08 | 1.27 |
| Dutch | Cohort | IA | 43.1 ± 12.78 | 36.9 ± 8.0 | 2.81 | 1.27 | |
| Tjwa, 2014 | Dutch | Case-control | NA | 37.15 ± 7.43 | 0 | 1.24 | NA |
| Yan, 2006 | Chinese | Case control | NA | 39.23 ± 18.92 | 38.17 ± 15.77 | 1.16 | 1.80 |
| Zhang, 2011 | Chinese | Case-control | IT | 24 (16–44) b | 27 (20–35) b | 1.70 | 1.89 |
| Chinese | Case-control | IA | 27 (16–46) b | 27 (20–35) b | 2.79 | 1.89 | |
| Zhao J, 2012 | Chinese | Case-control | IA | 38 (22–65) b | 30 (25–45) b | 3.75 | 3.00 |
| Zhao P, 2012 | Chinese | Cohort | NA | 27.5 (19–43) b | 29 (23–50) b | 8.00 | 3.67 |
| Zheng, 2015 | Chinese | Case-control | IT | 34 (20–55) b | 30 (25–38) b | 2.60 | 1.50 |
| Chinese | Case-control | IA | 31 (17–46) b | 30 (25–38) b | 1.83 | 1.50 | |
a Median ± SD, unless noted otherwise;
b median (range);
c median
Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; IA, immune active; IN, immune inactive; IT, immune tolerant; NA, not available