Table 2. Clinical characteristics of the subjects.
| GAD/IA-2 | Fasting | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | Gender | antibody positive | Duration of | HbA1c | HbA1c | C-peptide | ||
| Type of disease | n | (years) | (male/female) | (%) | disease* | (%) | (mmol/mol) | (ng/mL) |
| Fulminant type 1 diabetes | ||||||||
| Acute phase | 30 | 48 (8–82) | 24/6# | 0/0 | 6.8±3.2 days† | 6.7±0.7 | 49.8±7.8 | 0.13±0.14 |
| Sub-acute phase | 30 | 24.2±8.8 days†† | ||||||
| Chronic phase | 13 | 52 (27–73) | 8/5 | 31.0/0 | 6.9±3.1 years | 7.7±0.5 | 60.7±5.4 | 0.03±0.07 |
| Type 1A diabetes | 32 | 44 (18–80) | 11/21 | 90.6/52.6 (n = 19) | 10.9±9.8 years | 7.8±1.6 | 61.8±17.4 | 0.29±0.45 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 30 | 56 (29–70) | 18/12 | 0/− | n.d. | 7.8±1.6 | 61.8±17.4 | − |
| Autoimmune thyroid disease | 22 | 50 (18–72) | 6/16 | − | n.d. | − | − | − |
| Healthy control subjects | 31 | 39 (25–60) | 19/12 | − | − | − | − | − |
Data are medians (range) or mean ± SD. n.d.: not determined.
*Duration from the onset of diabetes to the time of sample collection.
#P<0.05 (versus type 1A diabetes or autoimmune thyroid disease). P-values were calculated by Fisher’s exact probability test.
†, ††Duration of fulminant type 1 diabetes in acute and sub-acute phase represents days after onset.