Table 1. Development of the cognitive domains.
Cognitive domain | Neuropsychological subtests | Description of test used for cognitive domain scores |
---|---|---|
Estimated premorbid IQ | Vocabulary subtest of WAIS-IIIa/ WISC-IVb | Give oral definitions for words. Measure: direct score and standardized score.Estimated premorbid IQ is calculated from the standardized score: (SS × 5) + 50. |
Processing speed | Trail Making Testc-form A | Connect in proper order, by making pencil lines, 25 encircled numbers randomly arranged on a page.Measure: time to complete this (form A) |
Stroop Test word and colour conditiond | Read the words and the colours of a series of XXXX as quickly as possible in 45 s. Measure: number of items completed. | |
Attention | CPT-IIe | Respond to a series of letters on a computer screen by pressing a key when you detect letters other than the letter “X”. The assessment contains six blocks that vary in the rate of submission of the letters. Measure: mean response sensitivity (D-prime). |
Verbal memory | TAVECf | Recall as many words as possible from a list of 16 words read aloud by the tester. The procedure is repeated five times, and recall is tested immediately and after a delay. Measure: total number of words recalled after the five trials, immediately and delayed. |
Working memory | Digit Span subtest of the WAIS-IIIa/ WISC-IVb | Repeat a number sequence in the same and order as presented and in reverse. Measure: total number of series correctly repeated forwards, backwards, and the sum of both. |
Letter and number sequencing of the WAIS-IIIa/ WISC-IVb | Listen to a combination of numbers and letters read aloud by the tester and reorganize the sequence, listing first the numbers in ascending order and then the letters in alphabetical order. Measure: number of correct sequences. | |
Executive function | FAS testg | Generate as many words as possible beginning with F, A and S, in three separate trials of 60 s. Measure: the sum of all correct responses |
Animal wordsh | Produce as many animal names as possible in a 1-min period. Measure: number of correct responses. | |
Trail Making Testc-form B | Draw lines connecting characters, alternating sequentially between numbers and letters. Measure: time to complete this (form B), B/A ratio (time to complete form B divided by time to complete form A). | |
WCSTi | Complete a complex task of categorization set shifting, and respond to feedback from the computer.Measure: number of completed categories and percentage of conceptual responses, total errors and perseverative errors. | |
Stroop Testd- interference condition | Name the colour in which the colour names are printed, disregarding their verbal content. Measure: Interference Index (WC − WxC /W+ C). | |
Cognitive Global Index | Processing speed | A Global Cognitive Index score was calculated by averaging scores for all cognitive domains, except the estimated premorbid IQ. |
Attention | ||
Verbal memory | ||
Working memory | ||
Executive function |
aWechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III (WAIS-III) [33].
bWechsler intelligence Scale for children-IV (WISC-IV) [34].
cTrail Making Test [35].
dStroop Test [36].
eConners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II) [37].
fTest de Aprendizaje Verbal España-Complutense (TAVEC) [38].
gControlled Oral Word Association Test (FAS test) [39].
hAnimal words [40].
iWisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) [41].