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. 2016 Aug 11;11(8):e0160949. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160949

Table 1. Development of the cognitive domains.

Cognitive domain Neuropsychological subtests Description of test used for cognitive domain scores
Estimated premorbid IQ Vocabulary subtest of WAIS-IIIa/ WISC-IVb Give oral definitions for words. Measure: direct score and standardized score.Estimated premorbid IQ is calculated from the standardized score: (SS × 5) + 50.
Processing speed Trail Making Testc-form A Connect in proper order, by making pencil lines, 25 encircled numbers randomly arranged on a page.Measure: time to complete this (form A)
Stroop Test word and colour conditiond Read the words and the colours of a series of XXXX as quickly as possible in 45 s. Measure: number of items completed.
Attention CPT-IIe Respond to a series of letters on a computer screen by pressing a key when you detect letters other than the letter “X”. The assessment contains six blocks that vary in the rate of submission of the letters. Measure: mean response sensitivity (D-prime).
Verbal memory TAVECf Recall as many words as possible from a list of 16 words read aloud by the tester. The procedure is repeated five times, and recall is tested immediately and after a delay. Measure: total number of words recalled after the five trials, immediately and delayed.
Working memory Digit Span subtest of the WAIS-IIIa/ WISC-IVb Repeat a number sequence in the same and order as presented and in reverse. Measure: total number of series correctly repeated forwards, backwards, and the sum of both.
Letter and number sequencing of the WAIS-IIIa/ WISC-IVb Listen to a combination of numbers and letters read aloud by the tester and reorganize the sequence, listing first the numbers in ascending order and then the letters in alphabetical order. Measure: number of correct sequences.
Executive function FAS testg Generate as many words as possible beginning with F, A and S, in three separate trials of 60 s. Measure: the sum of all correct responses
Animal wordsh Produce as many animal names as possible in a 1-min period. Measure: number of correct responses.
Trail Making Testc-form B Draw lines connecting characters, alternating sequentially between numbers and letters. Measure: time to complete this (form B), B/A ratio (time to complete form B divided by time to complete form A).
WCSTi Complete a complex task of categorization set shifting, and respond to feedback from the computer.Measure: number of completed categories and percentage of conceptual responses, total errors and perseverative errors.
Stroop Testd- interference condition Name the colour in which the colour names are printed, disregarding their verbal content. Measure: Interference Index (WC − WxC /W+ C).
Cognitive Global Index Processing speed A Global Cognitive Index score was calculated by averaging scores for all cognitive domains, except the estimated premorbid IQ.
Attention
Verbal memory
Working memory
Executive function

aWechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III (WAIS-III) [33].

bWechsler intelligence Scale for children-IV (WISC-IV) [34].

cTrail Making Test [35].

dStroop Test [36].

eConners’ Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II) [37].

fTest de Aprendizaje Verbal España-Complutense (TAVEC) [38].

gControlled Oral Word Association Test (FAS test) [39].

hAnimal words [40].

iWisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) [41].