. 2016 Aug 11;11(8):e0160601. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160601

Table 1. Composition of the benthic community around Taiwan.

Mean (standard error) percent coverage of major benthic categories at the country, regional, and site levels. Results of one-way nested ANOVA^* on regional differences within major categories are indicated below the table. Superscript letters indicate significant differences between regions detected by Tukey’s HSD test.

	TU^*	HC^*	MA^*	SF^*	ECA^*	ZO^*	SP^*	AN^*	AS^*	AT^*	OL^*	UN^*	BS^*
NORTH TAIWAN [104 OTUs]	38.9 (14.8)^b	18.8 (9.7)^b	23.2 (11.4)^a	0.3 (0.4)^c	8.3 (7.6)^a	6.1 (11.2)^a	0.4 (0.8)^ns	0.2 (0.9)^b	0.0 (0.0)^ns	0.0 (0.0)^ns	0.1 (0.2)^b	0.0 (0.0)^ns	3.7 (4.9)^a
Keelung Island	53.5 (5.1)	24.1 (7.0)	12.9 (1.1)	0.0 (0.0)	4.9 (2.3)	1.0 (1.2)	0.4 (0.3)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	3.1 (1.0)
Yeliu	32.1 (3.8)	22.3 (11.9)	15.2 (2.9)	0.4 (0.6)	7.1 (3.7)	19.8 (16.7)	1.1 (1.5)	0.9 (1.9)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.9 (0.6)
Bitou	44.1 (5.3)	19.0 (7.7)	28.2 (9.1)	0.4 (0.4)	4.3 (1.3)	2.5 (2.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.3 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	1.3 (0.7)
Longdon	25.9 (20.1)	9.8 (6.5)	36.6 (7.3)	0.2 (0.5)	16.7 (11.5)	1.2 (1.5)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	9.5 (7.2)
PENGHU [132 OTUs]	69.8 (16.6)^a	21.0 (18.4)^b	2.4 (2.7)^c	1.1 (2.1)^c	0.8 (1.1)^c	0.4 (1.4)^b	0.7 (1.2)^ns	0.0 (0.0)^b	0.0 (0.0)^ns	0.0 (0.0)^ns	0.2 (0.3)^b	0.0 (0.0)^ns	3.5 (7.2)^a,b
Wa En Tung	43.5 (4.6)	54.0 (4.5)	0.6 (0.6)	0.0 (0.0)	0.7 (0.4)	0.0 (0.0)	0.9 (0.5)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.1)
Gupoyu	61.8 (12.8)	31.0 (12.8)	4.2 (2.4)	0.6 (1.0)	2.0 (1.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.3)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.2)
Siyuping	74.8 (7.5)	13.5 (5.5)	3.7 (3.2)	2.8 (3.5)	1.7 (1.8)	2.2 (3.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.6 (0.3)	0.0 (0.0)	0.7 (1.5)
Pon Pon Tan	81.9 (5.4)	11.2 (6.2)	5.0 (3.3)	1.0 (0.7)	0.2 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.6 (0.9)
Cimei	81.0 (13.9)	10.8 (8.8)	1.1 (0.7)	2.3 (2.8)	0.2 (0.1)	0.1 (0.2)	0.1 (0.3)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	4.4 (8.7)
Chinwan Inner Bay	76.0 (12.6)	5.4 (3.5)	0.1 (0.1)	0.0 (0.1)	0.3 (0.3)	0.0 (0.0)	3.1 (1.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.3 (0.5)	0.0 (0.0)	14.9 (9.4)
GREEN ISLAND [164 OTUs]	20.8 (14.1)^c	39.6 (11.0)^a	6.7 (5.4)^b	23.8 (23.6)^a	3.7 (2.6)^b	0.1 (0.2)^b	0.7 (1.1)^ns	1.7 (3.2)^a	0.0 (0.1)^ns	0.0 (0.0)^ns	0.0 (0.1)^b	0.1 (0.2)^ns	2.7 (3.8)^a,b
Gongguan	37.1 (3.7)	46.0 (4.8)	7.9 (2.0)	3.5 (2.0)	3.8 (1.0)	0.2 (0.1)	0.6 (0.9)	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.8 (0.6)
Chaikou	29.6 (1.3)	43.4 (7.6)	14.2 (3.6)	2.2 (1.5)	7.2 (2.1)	0.3 (0.1)	1.0 (1.4)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	2.2 (1.5)
Dabaisha	11.3 (9.3)	42.1 (13.8)	2.7 (1.7)	33.0 (9.6)	1.5 (0.7)	0.0 (0.1)	0.2 (0.2)	2.9 (5.0)	0.1 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	6.2 (6.5)
Shihland	5.4 (2.1)	26.7 (4.4)	2.2 (1.2)	56.4 (4.4)	2.4 (1.6)	0.0 (0.1)	1.0 (1.6)	4.0 (2.6)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.4)	1.7 (1.9)
KENTING [200 OTUs]	51.5 (26.0)^b	24.1 (19.0)^b	10.6 (7.7)^b	7.8 (13.4)^b	3.8 (3.6)^b	0.2 (0.4)^b	0.3 (0.7)^ns	0.1 (0.6)^b	0.0 (0.1)^ns	0.0 (0.0)^ns	0.5 (0.5)^a	0.0 (0.0)^ns	1.1 (2.8)^b
Houbihu	20.9 (4.5)	53.1 (13.1)	3.1 (2.7)	17.1 (11.5)	4.1 (1.3)	0.2 (0.1)	0.2 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.3)	0.0 (0.1)	1.1 (1.2)
Outlet	27.7 (6.1)	47.8 (6.9)	8.4 (4.4)	12.8 (10.7)	1.6 (0.9)	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.3 (0.3)	0.0 (0.0)	1.3 (1.7)
Jialeshuei	26.7 (10.4)	43.1 (12.2)	12.0 (3.4)	4.8 (2.6)	10.4 (3.4)	0.5 (0.9)	0.0 (0.0)	0.8 (1.9)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	1 (0.7)	0.0 (0.0)	0.7 (0.5)
Longkeng	33.1 (4.5)	29.1 (1.6)	16.3 (4.2)	8.0 (4.5)	9.8 (2.2)	1.0 (0.4)	1.8 (1.7)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.4 (0.4)	0.0 (0.0)	0.4 (0.3)
Leidashih	25.7 (7.5)	28.8 (12.1)	3.5 (3.8)	38.9 (20.2)	2.5 (2.5)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.1)	0.3 (0.3)	0.0 (0.1)	0.3 (0.4)
Sangjiaowan	52.7 (6.3)	24.6 (12.7)	14.9 (8.7)	2.0 (0.8)	3.6 (1.6)	0.1 (0.2)	0.5 (0.7)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	1.1 (0.5)	0.0 (0.0)	0.5 (0.4)
Tanzihwan	52.6 (7.2)	15.1 (4.0)	26.4 (4.6)	0.2 (0.2)	4.2 (1.8)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.6 (0.3)	0.0 (0.0)	0.9 (0.5)
Tiaoshih	80.2 (11.3)	11.8 (7.9)	4.3 (4.0)	0.7 (0.5)	1.5 (0.6)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.0)	1 (0.4)	0.0 (0.0)	0.4 (0.4)
Dingbaisha	78.3 (9.7)	4.8 (3.5)	10.2 (3.4)	0.2 (0.1)	0.1 (0.2)	0.0 (0.1)	0.2 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.3)	0.0 (0.0)	0.3 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	5.7 (8.5)
Wanlitung	78.7 (3.6)	3.8 (1.0)	11.5 (2.8)	1.2 (1.4)	3.5 (1.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.2 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.4 (0.3)	0.0 (0.0)	0.7 (0.5)
Hongchai	89.5 (1.4)	3.0 (1.0)	6.4 (0.7)	0.0 (0.0)	0.5 (0.5)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.1 (0.2)	0.0 (0.0)	0.4 (0.2)
TAIWAN [282 OTUs]	49.0 (26.0)	25.0 (17.7)	10.1 (9.8)	7.5 (15)	3.8 (4.6)	1.2 (5.0)	0.5 (1.0)	0.3 (1.5)	0.0 (0.1)	0.0 (0.0)	0.3 (0.4)	0.0 (0.1)	2.4 (4.8)

*TU: Turf—F_(3,100) = 82.34, p < 0.001 / HC: Hard Coral—F_(3,100) = 31.75, p < 0.001 / MA: Macroalgae—F_(3,100) = 121.34, p < 0.001 / SF: Soft Coral—F_(3,100) = 84.53, p < 0.001 /ECA: Crustose Coralline Algae—F_(3,100) = 29.48, p < 0.001 / ZO: Zoanthid—F_(3,100) = 16.42, p < 0.001 / SP: Sponge—F_(3,100) = 2.12, p > 0.05 / AN: Anemone—F_(3,100) = 9.67, p < 0.001 / AS: Ascidian—F_(3,100) = 3.26, p < 0.05 / AT: Anthipatharia—F_(3,100) = 0.42, p > 0.05 / OL: Other Life—F_(3,100) = 20.16, p < 0.001 / UN: Unknown—F_(3,100) = 2.15, p > 0.05 / BS: Bare Substrate—F_(3,100) = 14.99, p < 0.01