Table 2.

The effect sizes used, and their sampling variance, based on Nakagawa et al. [10]

Abbreviation	Primary Outcome	Effect Size	Sampling Variance (s2Effect Size)	Model
lnRR	Mean	$\text{ln}\left(\frac{{\overline{x}}_E}{{\overline{x}}_C}\right)$	$\frac{s_C^2}{n_C{\overline{x}}_C^2}+\frac{s_E^2}{n_E{\overline{x}}_E^2}$	Contrast-Based
lnVR	Standard Deviation	$\text{ln}\left(\frac{s_E}{s_C}\right)+\frac{1}{2(n_E-1)}-\frac{1}{2(n_C-1)}$	$\frac{1}{2(n_C-1)}+\frac{1}{2(n_E-1)}$	Contrast-Based
lnCVR	Coefficient of Variance	$\text{ln}\left(\frac{{\text{CV}}_E}{{\text{CV}}_C}\right)+\frac{1}{2(n_E-1)}-\frac{1}{2(n_C-1)}$	$\begin{array}{l}\frac{s_C^2}{n_C{\overline{x}}_C^2}+\frac{1}{2(n_C-1)}-2\rho \sqrt{\frac{s_C^2}{n_C{\overline{x}}_C^2}\frac{1}{2(n_C-1)}}\\ +\frac{s_E^2}{n_E{\overline{x}}_E^2}+\frac{1}{2(n_E-1)}-2\rho \sqrt{\frac{s_E^2}{n_E{\overline{x}}_E^2}\frac{1}{2(n_E-1)}}\end{array}$	Contrast-Based
ln$\overline{x}$	Mean	$\text{ln}\overline{x}$	$\frac{s^2}{n{\overline{x}}^2}$	Arm-Based
lnSD	Standard Deviation	$\text{ln}s+\frac{1}{2(n-1)}$	$\frac{1}{2(n-1)}$	Arm-Based

$\overline{x}$ is the group average mass, s is the group SD in mass, n is sample size, CV is the coefficient of variance, ρ is the correlation between ln$\overline{x}$ and lnSD. Where subscripts are included C and E were treated as the LC and CR groups, respectively, in our analyses. The type of model used to analyze each effect size is also given.