Fig. 2.
A. Rat aortic SMC were incubated with either 10 ng/ml TNF, 10 μM SPC or TNF + SPC for 24 h in the presence of S1P2 receptor antagonist JTE-013 (1 μM added 60 min prior). BMDM were incubated separately with 10 ng/ml TNF only for 24 h. Adherent BMDM were assessed (n = 10). B. Rat aortic SMC were incubated with either 10 ng/ml TNF, 10 μM SPC or TNF + SPC for 24 h with 1 mM methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) added for the final hour of incubation. As above, BMDM were incubated separately with 10 ng/ml TNF for 24 h and following co-culture, adherent BMDM were assessed (n = 7). Results are presented as fold change of adhesion relative to vehicle treatment. Data are expressed as mean ± sem, ∗ denotes p < 0.05. NS denotes not significant.