Table 3.
Odds ratios [and 95% confidence intervals] for the associations between PCOS-related sequelae and breast cancer incidence, by menopausal status, LIBCSP, 1996–1997.
Please note: part of these associations have been previously reported by LIBCSP collaborators (Bonnier et al., 1995; Breslow et al., 1980; Clavel-Chapelon et al., 2002; Greenland et al., 1989; Shrier et al., 2008), and are provided here to aid interpretation of results presented in Table 4.
| Symptom/sequelae | All | Premenopausal | Postmenopausal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (%) | Controls (%) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | Cases (%) | Controls (%) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | Cases (%) | Controls (%) | Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Ovulatory dysfunction related symptomsa | |||||||||
| Yes | 160 (10.6) | 192 (12.3) | 0.86 (0.68, 1.08) | 59 (12.5) | 67 (13.3) | 0.93 (0.64, 1.36) | 95 (9.4) | 117 (11.8) | 0.80 (0.60, 1.07) |
| No | 1347 (89.4) | 1364 (87.7) | Ref | 412 (87.5) | 436 (86.7) | Ref | 911 (90.6) | 873 (88.2) | Ref |
| Menstrual irregularity | |||||||||
| Yes | 144 (9.6) | 171 (11.0) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.10) | 52 (11.1) | 53 (10.6) | 1.06 (0.70, 1.59) | 86 (8.6) | 111 (11.3) | 0.75 (0.56, 1.01) |
| No | 1357 (90.4) | 1380 (89.0) | Ref | 417 (88.9) | 449 (89.4) | Ref | 916 (91.4) | 875 (88.7) | Ref |
| Infertility caused by ovulatory dysfunction | |||||||||
| Yes | 25 (1.9) | 27 (2.0) | 1.08 (0.63, 1.89) | 13 (3.2) | 17 (3.8) | 0.84 (0.40, 1.76) | 11 (1.3) | 9 (1.1) | 1.08 (0.44, 2.65) |
| No | 1262 (98.1) | 1344 (98.0) | Ref | 388 (96.8) | 427 (96.2) | Ref | 847 (98.7) | 863 (99.0) | Ref |
| Nulliparityc | |||||||||
| Yes | 189 (13) | 165 (11) | 1.27 (1.01, 1.60) | 75 (16) | 79 (16) | 1.12 (0.79, 1.59) | 114 (12) | 86 (9) | 1.37 (1.02, 1.85) |
| No | 1265 (87) | 1308 (89) | Ref | 394 (84) | 415 (84) | Ref | 836 (88) | 891 (91) | Ref |
| Age at menarche (years)c | |||||||||
| <12 | 377 (26) | 406 (28) | Ref | 121 (26) | 146 (29) | Ref | 246 (26) | 260 (27) | Ref |
| 12 | 406 (28) | 381 (26) | 1.15 (0.94, 1.40) | 123 (27) | 133 (27) | 1.12 (0.79, 1.58) | 283 (29) | 248 (26) | 1.17 (0.91, 1.48) |
| 13 | 361 (25) | 338 (23) | 1.14 (0.93, 1.40) | 142 (31) | 119 (24) | 1.43 (1.02, 2.02) | 219 (22) | 219 (23) | 0.99 (0.76, 1.27) |
| 14+ | 299 (21) | 337 (23) | 0.93 (0.75, 1.14) | 79 (17) | 99 (20) | 0.96 (0.66, 1.41) | 220 (23) | 238 (25) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.16) |
| Age at first birth among parous women (years)c | |||||||||
| <22 | 291 (23) | 326 (25) | Ref | 75 (19) | 95 (23) | Ref | 216 (25) | 231 (26) | Ref |
| 22–24.99 | 358 (28) | 395 (30) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) | 88 (23) | 95 (23) | 1.15 (0.75, 1.74) | 270 (31) | 300 (34) | 0.83 (0.57, 1.22) |
| 25–27.99 | 268 (21) | 286 (22) | 1.04 (0.82, 1.31) | 85 (22) | 86 (21) | 1.26 (0.82, 1.94) | 183 (48) | 200 (23) | 0.83 (0.56, 1.25) |
| ≥28 | 350 (28) | 299 (23) | 1.33 (1.07, 1.67) | 144 (37) | 143 (34) | 1.32 (0.90, 1.93) | 206 (24) | 156 (18) | 1.18 (0.78, 1.79) |
| Taking OCsc | |||||||||
| Yes | 629 (43) | 659 (45) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.28) | 337 (72) | 330 (67) | 1.33 (1.01, 1.75) | 292 (30) | 329 (34) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.18) |
| No | 834 (57) | 805 (55) | Ref | 131 (28) | 163 (33) | Ref | 681 (70) | 639 (66) | Ref |
| Cardiovascular diseasec | |||||||||
| Yes | 89 (6) | 72 (5) | 1.11 (0.80, 1.54) | 6 (1) | 5 (1) | 1.17 (0.35, 3.87) | 83 (8) | 67 (7) | 1.07 (0.76, 1.51) |
| No | 1394 (94) | 1368 (95) | Ref | 599 (99) | 495 (99) | Ref | 955 (92) | 890 (93) | Ref |
| Metabolic syndrome-related sequelaeb,c | |||||||||
| Yes | 1,162 (80) | 1,192 (81) | 0.89 (0.74, 1.07) | 356 (76) | 372 (75) | 0.78 (0.61, 0.99) | 806 (82) | 820 (84) | 1.09 (0.81, 1.46) |
| No | 294 (20) | 280 (19) | Ref | 111 (24) | 124 (25) | Ref | 177 (18) | 156 (16) | Ref |
| Diabetes | |||||||||
| Yes | 130 (9) | 104 (7) | 1.22 (0.93, 1.60) | 15 (3) | 21 (4) | 0.75 (0.38, 1.47) | 115 (12) | 83 (9) | 1.37 (1.01, 1.84) |
| No | 1314 (91) | 1382 (93) | Ref | 485 (97) | 504 (96) | Ref | 843 (88) | 839 (91) | Ref |
| Hypertension | |||||||||
| Yes | 510 (35) | 487 (33) | 0.97 (0.82, 1.14) | 76 (16) | 76 (15) | 0.98 (0.70, 1.38) | 434 (44) | 411 (42) | 0.98 (0.82, 1.17) |
| No | 947 (65) | 989 (67) | Ref | 399 (84) | 431 (85) | Ref | 552 (56) | 568 (58) | Ref |
| Hypercholesterolemia | |||||||||
| Yes | 442 (30) | 458 (31) | 0.91 (0.78, 1.05) | 73 (16) | 82 (17) | 0.88 (0.63, 1.23) | 369 (37) | 376 (39) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.10) |
| No | 1031 (70) | 1019 (69) | Ref | 383 (84) | 400 (83) | Ref | 628 (63) | 588 (61) | Ref |
| BMI at age 20 (kg/m2) | |||||||||
| <20 | 609 (42.6) | 611 (42.2) | Ref | 209 (45.1) | 202 (40.9) | Ref | 400 (41.4) | 409 (42.9) | Ref |
| 20–24.99 | 722 (50.5) | 708 (48.9) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) | 222 (48.0) | 247 (50.0) | 0.87 (0.67, 1.13) | 500 (51.7) | 461 (48.4) | 1.10 (0.92, 1.33) |
| ≥25 | 99 (6.9) | 128 (8.9) | 0.78 (0.59, 1.04) | 32 (6.9) | 45 (9.1) | 0.73 (0.44, 1.19) | 67 (6.9) | 83 (8.7) | 0.81 (0.57, 1.15) |
| BMI at diagnosis (kg/m2) | |||||||||
| <25 | 664 (45.6) | 709 (48.2) | Ref | 281 (60.2) | 278 (55.8) | Ref | 383 (38.7) | 431 (44.3) | Ref |
| 25–29.99 | 459 (31.5) | 431 (29.3) | 1.11 (0.94, 1.32) | 124 (26.6) | 127 (25.5) | 0.96 (0.71, 1.29) | 335 (33.9) | 304 (31.2) | 1.23 (1.00, 1.51) |
| ≥30 | 316 (21.7) | 304 (20.7) | 1.09 (0.90, 1.32) | 61 (13.1) | 86 (18.3) | 0.69 (0.48, 1.00) | 255 (25.8) | 218 (22.4) | 1.34 (1.07, 1.69) |
a
Having menstrual irregularity or infertility caused by ovulatory dysfunction
b
History of diabetes or hypertension or hypercholesterolemia or high BMI at age 20 or current BMI.
c
Previously reported by LIBCSP collaborators.