Table 1.
Distribution of Maternal Background Characteristics by Mode of Delivery
| Mode of Delivery | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Total (N=2297) |
Vaginal (N=1055) |
Elective cesarean section (N=798) |
Non elective cesarean section (N=444) |
P-Value* | ||
| Maternal age at delivery years |
< 35 | 1,894 (82%) | 865 (82%) | 669 (84%) | 360 (81%) | 0.41 | |
| ≥35 | 403(18%) | 190 (18%) | 129 (16%)) | 84 (19%) | |||
| Race/Ethnicity | Hispanic | 721 32%) | 297 (28%) | 288 (37%) | 136 (31%) | < 0.001 | |
| White Non- Hispanic |
210 (9%) | 103 (10%) | 77 (10%) | 30 (7%) | |||
| Black Non- Hispanic |
1,300 (57%) | 617 (59%) | 416 (53%) | 267 (60%) | |||
| Other | 48 (2%) | 30 (3%) | 8 (1%) | 10 (2%) | |||
| Unknown | 18 | 8 | 9 | 1 | |||
| HIV Characteristics | |||||||
| Last maternal CD4 (cells/mm3) during pregnancy |
< 200 | 227 (10%) | 79 (8%) | 83 (11%) | 65 (15%) | < 0.001 | |
| 200 – 349 | 419 (19%) | 192 (19%) | 140 (18%) | 87 (20%) | |||
| ≥ 350 | 1,590 (71%) | 761 (74%) | 551 (71%) | 278 (65%) | |||
| Unknown | 61 | 23 | 24 | 14 | |||
| Last viral load during pregnancy(copies/mL) |
>400 | 370 (16%) | 72 (7%) | 207 (27%) | 91 (21%) | < 0.001 | |
| ≤400 | 1,874 (84%) | 966 (93%) | 568 (73%) | 340 (79%) | |||
| Unknown | 53 | 17 | 23 | 13 | |||
| Most intensive maternal ARV regimen during pregnancy |
PI- containing HAART |
1,856 (81%) | 844 (80%) | 652 (82%) | 360 (82%) | 0.26 | |
| NNRTI- containing HAART |
161 (7%) | 87 (8%) | 47 (6%) | 27 (6%) | |||
| Other HAART |
25 (1%) | 8 (1%) | 10 (1%) | 7 (2%) | |||
| Non- HAART |
230 (10%) | 108 (10%) | 76 (10%) | 46 (10%) | |||
| No ARV | 12 (1%) | 4 (0%) | 7 (1%) | 1 (0%) | |||
| Unknown | 13 | 4 | 6 | 3 | |||
| Obstetrical and other medical characteristics | |||||||
| Trimester of first prenatal visit |
1st Trimester | 1,513 (66%) | 684 (65%) | 526 (66%) | 303 (68%) | 0.68 | |
| 2nd Trimester |
670 (29%) | 317 (30%) | 230 (29%) | 123 (28%) | |||
| 3rd Trimester | 97 (4%) | 43 (4%) | 38 (5%) | 16 (4%) | |||
| No prenatal care |
16 (1%) | 10 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 2 (0%) | |||
| Unknown | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| Parity (delivery >20weeks) |
≥1 | 1,676 (73%) | 795 (75%) | 592 (74%) | 289 (65%) | < 0.001 | |
| <1 | 621 (27%) | 260 (25%) | 206 (26%) | 155 (35%) | |||
| Last maternal BMI during pregnancy kg/m2 |
≥40 | 257 (15%) | 90 (11%) | 117 (19%) | 50 (14%) | < 0.001 | |
| <40 | 1,491 (85%) | 712 (89%) | 484 (81%) | 295 (86%) | |||
| Unknown | 549 | 253 | 197 | 99 | |||
| Cigarettes use during pregnancy |
Yes | 363 (22%) | 157 (21%) | 136 (25%) | 70 (22%) | 0.12 | |
| No | 1,254 (78%) | 605 (79%) | 400 (75%) | 249 (78%) | |||
| Unknown | 680 | 293 | 262 | 125 | |||
| Alcohol use during pregnancy |
Yes | 569 (28%) | 270 (29%) | 199 (29%) | 100 (25%) | 0.30 | |
| No | 1,452 (72%) | 655 (71%) | 498 (71%) | 299 (75%) | |||
| Unknown | 276 | 130 | 101 | 45 | |||
| Duration of follow-up (weeks) |
Mean (SD) | 32.80 (16.67) |
32.62 (16.75) |
33.76 (16.41) | 31.50 (16.91) |
0.05 | |
| Last viral load during pregnancy (copies/mL) |
Infant HIV infection status |
||||||
| > 400 | Infected | 7 (0.3%) | 2 (0.2%) | 3 (0.4%) | 2 (0.5%) | ||
| Uninfected | 332 (15%) | 62 (6%) | 187 (23%) | 83 (19%) | |||
| Indeterminate | 31 (1%) | 8 (0.8%) | 17 (2%) | 6 (1%) | |||
| ≤ 400 | Infected | 5 (0.2%) | 4 (0.4%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Uninfected | 1782 (78%) | 912 (86%) | 541 (68%) | 329 (74%) | |||
| Indeterminate | 87 (4%) | 50 (5%) | 26 (3%) | 11 (2%) | |||
| Unknown | Infected | 1 (0.04%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.2%) | ||
| Uninfected | 48 (2%) | 15 (1%) | 22 (3%) | 11 (2%) | |||
| Indeterminate | 4 (0.2%) | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.2%) | |||
cART was defined as regimen containing 3 or more antiretroviral drugs from at least 2 classes.