Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study sample according to study group.

	Rural group	Migrant group	Urban group	P-value
	(n=201)	(n=589)	(n=199)
Sex
Male	95 (47.3%)	280 (47.5%)	92 (46.2%)	0.95
Age
30–49 years	117 (58.2%)	337 (57.2%)	110 (55.3%)	0.57
50+ years	84 (41.8%)	252 (42.8%)	89 (44.7%)
Education level
None/some primary school	132 (65.7%)	183 (31.1%)	13 (6.6%)	<0.001
Complete primary	30 (14.9%)	99 (16.8%)	23 (11.6%)
Some secondary	39 (19.4%)	306 (52.1%)	162 (81.8%)
Socioeconomic status
Lowest tertile	196 (97.5%)	119 (20.2%)	32 (16.1%)	<0.001
Middle tertile	5 (2.5%)	253 (43.0%)	69 (34.7%)
Highest tertile	0 (0.0%)	217 (36.8%)	98 (49.2%)
Binge drinking
Yes	23 (11.4%)	47 (8.0%)	17 (8.5%)	0.32
Current daily smoking
Yes	1 (0.5%)	15 (2.6%)	17 (8.5%)	<0.001
Physical activity
Low levels	4 (2.05)	173 (29.7%)	78 (39.4%)	<0.001
Total cholesterol
⩾200 mg dl−1	15 (7.5%)	220 (37.4%)	71 (35.7%)	<0.001
High waist circumference
Yes	30 (15.2%)	354 (60.3%)	132 (66.7%)	<0.001
Obesity
BMI⩾30 kg m−2	6 (3.0%)	124 (21.1%)	68 (34.2%)	<0.001
Type 2 diabetes
Yes	3 (1.5%)	21 (3.6%)	16 (8.0%)	0.003
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)a
Mean (s.d.)	120.9 (18.7)	119.9 (16.4)	128.2 (22.9)	<0.001
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)a
Mean (s.d.)	74.2 (9.2)	71.3 (9.3)	76.2 (11.5)	<0.001
Blood pressure status
Normal	106 (52.7%)	318 (54.1%)	87 (43.7%)	<0.001
Pre-hypertension	71 (35.3%)	194 (33.0%)	53 (26.6%)
Hypertension	24 (11.9%)	76 (12.9%)	59 (29.7%)

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index. Results may not add because of missing values.

^aAnalysis of variance test was used for comparisons, instead of Chi-squared test for categorical variables.