Table 1.
Baseline demographics and disease characteristics of Taiwanese patients with osteoporosis and diagnosis of fracture
| Characteristic | Total population (N = 4,624) | Persistence | P valuea | Adherence | P valuea | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤12 months (N = 3,471) | >12 months (N = 1,153) | ≤12 months (N = 3,055) | >12 months (N = 1,569) | ||||
| Age, n (%) | 0.0482 | 0.0430 | |||||
| 50–64 years | 342 (7.4) | 245 (7.1) | 97 (8.4) | 211 (6.9) | 131 (8.3) | ||
| 65–74 years | 1,251 (27.1) | 915 (26.4) | 336 (29.1) | 812 (26.6) | 439 (28.0) | ||
| 75–84 years | 2,250 (48.7) | 1,705 (49.1) | 545 (47.3) | 1,488 (48.7) | 762 (48.6) | ||
| ≥85 years | 781 (16.9) | 606 (17.5) | 175 (15.2) | 544 (17.8) | 237 (15.1) | ||
| Female, n (%) | 3,932 (85.0) | 2,927 (84.3) | 1,005 (87.2) | 0.0193 | 2,574 (84.3) | 1,358 (86.6) | 0.0382 |
| Prevalent fracture, n (%)b | |||||||
| Vertebral | 4,056 (87.7) | 2,997 (86.3) | 1,059 (91.8) | <0.0001 | 2,611 (85.5) | 1,445 (92.1) | <0.0001 |
| Hip | 937 (20.3) | 766 (22.1) | 171 (14.8) | <0.0001 | 695 (22.7) | 242 (15.4) | <0.0001 |
| Leg | 344 (7.4) | 291 (8.4) | 53 (4.6) | <0.0001 | 270 (8.8) | 74 (4.7) | <0.0001 |
| Forearm | 153 (3.3) | 120 (3.5) | 33 (2.9) | 0.3277 | 103 (3.4) | 50 (3.2) | 0.7394 |
| Shoulder | 123 (2.7) | 103 (3.0) | 20 (1.7) | 0.0242 | 90 (2.9) | 33 (2.1) | 0.0918 |
| Pelvis | 80 (1.7) | 59 (1.7) | 21 (1.8) | 0.7839 | 53 (1.7) | 27 (1.7) | 0.9724 |
| Rib | 79 (1.7) | 66 (1.9) | 13 (1.1) | 0.0789 | 59 (1.9) | 20 (1.3) | 0.1028 |
| Clavicle | 17 (0.4) | 16 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) | 0.0689 | 14 (0.5) | 3 (0.2) | 0.1554 |
| Osteoporosis, n (%)c | 3,950 (85.4) | 2,950 (85.0) | 1,000 (86.7) | 0.1468 | 2,587 (84.7) | 1,363 (86.9) | 0.0457 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||||
| Asthma or COPD | 1,275 (27.6) | 978 (28.2) | 297 (25.8) | 0.1115 | 865 (28.3) | 410 (26.1) | 0.1158 |
| Cataracts | 1,154 (25.0) | 834 (24.0) | 320 (27.8) | 0.0113 | 733 (24.0) | 421 (26.8) | 0.0347 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1,121 (24.2) | 855 (24.6) | 266 (23.1) | 0.2835 | 768 (25.1) | 353 (22.5) | 0.0473 |
| Crohn’s disease | 766 (16.6) | 569 (16.4) | 197 (17.1) | 0.5835 | 522 (17.1) | 244 (15.6) | 0.1836 |
| Liver disease | 527 (11.4) | 402 (11.6) | 125 (10.8) | 0.4931 | 348 (11.4) | 179 (11.4) | 0.9860 |
| Alzheimer’s disease | 510 (11.0) | 373 (10.7) | 137 (11.9) | 0.2861 | 324 (10.6) | 186 (11.9) | 0.1992 |
| Ischemic stroke | 461 (10.0) | 338 (9.7) | 123 (10.7) | 0.3611 | 293 (9.6) | 168 (10.7) | 0.2301 |
| Depression | 433 (9.4) | 306 (8.8) | 127 (11.0) | 0.0264 | 260 (8.5) | 173 (11.0) | 0.0054 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 301 (6.5) | 223 (6.4) | 78 (6.8) | 0.6849 | 197 (6.4) | 104 (6.6) | 0.8143 |
| Shoulder/forearm fracture | 244 (5.3) | 195 (5.6) | 49 (4.2) | 0.0718 | 167 (5.5) | 77 (4.9) | 0.4209 |
| Kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis | 238 (5.1) | 187 (5.4) | 51 (4.4) | 0.1992 | 168 (5.5) | 70 (4.5) | 0.1305 |
| Renal disease | 215 (4.6) | 178 (5.1) | 37 (3.2) | 0.0073 | 163 (5.3) | 52 (3.3) | 0.0020 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 70 (1.5) | 49 (1.4) | 21 (1.8) | 0.3237 | 44 (1.4) | 26 (1.7) | 0.5675 |
| Fall | 17 (0.4) | 14 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 0.4865 | 13 (0.4) | 4 (0.3) | 0.3631 |
| Previous osteoporosis medication, n (%)d | |||||||
| Alendronate | 1,468 (31.7) | 1,042 (30.0) | 426 (36.9) | <0.0001 | 890 (29.1) | 578 (36.8) | <0.0001 |
| Calcitonin | 1,233 (26.7) | 890 (25.6) | 343 (29.7) | 0.0063 | 766 (25.1) | 467 (29.8) | 0.0006 |
| Raloxifene | 934 (20.2) | 665 (19.2) | 269 (23.3) | 0.0022 | 594 (19.4) | 340 (21.7) | 0.0742 |
| Ibandronate | 9 (0.2) | 6 (0.2) | 3 (0.3) | 0.5599 | 6 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | 0.9697 |
| Other concomitant medications affecting bone, n (%)d | |||||||
| Glucocorticoids | 1,374 (29.7) | 1,061 (30.6) | 313 (27.1) | 0.0276 | 935 (30.6) | 439 (28.0) | 0.0643 |
| Anticonvulsants | 939 (20.3) | 697 (20.1) | 242 (21.0) | 0.5066 | 603 (19.7) | 336 (21.4) | 0.1796 |
| Hormone replacement therapy | 149 (3.2) | 102 (2.9) | 47 (4.1) | 0.0580 | 84 (2.7) | 65 (4.1) | 0.0006 |
| Immunosuppressants | 124 (2.7) | 77 (2.2) | 47 (4.1) | 0.0007 | 64 (2.1) | 60 (3.8) | 0.0111 |
| Hormone deprivation therapy | 17 (0.4) | 13 (0.4) | 4 (0.3) | 0.8932 | 8 (0.3) | 9 (0.6) | 0.0972 |
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
aDetermined using two-sample t test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. P < 0.05 indicates statistical significance
bAll prevalent fractures occurring up to 90 days before the index date
cDiagnosis of osteoporosis within 12 months of the index date
dMedication received within 12 months of the index date