Table 1.

Comparison of patient journey modeling techniques.

Description	Data flow diagram	Flow chart	IDEF-0	Lean VSM	PaJMa
Process definition
Definition of tasks	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Decompose tasks to subtasks	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Construct process model	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Conditional paths	Implicit	Explicit	Implicit	Explicit	Explicit
Expected task times	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Expected queue times	No	No	No	No	Yes
Roles
Definition of roles	Yes	Sometimes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Roles to process definition	Yes	Sometimes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Roles to information	Explicit	No	Implicit	Implicit	Explicit
Information
Information storage name	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Information storage medium	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Information access technology	No	No	No	No	Yes
Information network access	No	No	No	No	Yes
Information creation	Implicit	Implicit	Implicit	Implicit	Explicit
Information retrieval	Implicit	Implicit	Explicit	Implicit	Explicit
Guidelines and protocols
Guideline associated with task	No	Sometimes	No	No	Yes
Patient needs
Cultural needs associated with tasks, eg, interpreter	No	No	No	No	Yes
Religious needs associated with tasks, eg, female patient not left alone with a male health care practitioner	No	No	No	No	Yes
Metrics
Expected task times	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Expected queue times	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Task cost	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Task targets	No	No	No	Yes	Yes